中考英语从句知识总结.pdf

1 中考从句知识总结中考从句知识总结 初中阶段着重要研究的从句有：宾语从句、状语从句、no matter 从句和定语从句 第一讲 从句的共同特点第一讲 从句的共同特点 从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就 叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句 从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子 从句的共同特点： 1.从句都有自己的连接词2.从句都是陈述语序 （陈述语序就是主语在前， 谓语在后，如：He is a teacher 主语 He 在谓语 is 之前，因此是陈述语序，而 Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语 is 之后，因此不是陈述语序 ） 第二讲：宾语从句第二讲：宾语从句 宾语从句是中考的一个重要得分点，大家复习时一定要重视 在研究宾语从句之前我们先来看一下什么是宾语 宾语就是在句子中用来回答谁做了什么中 什么的成分，如 I lost my car 中 my car 就回答了我丢失了什么中的“什么” ，因此 my car 就 是宾语，宾语包括动宾、介宾，动宾就是跟在及物动词后的宾语，如：I have finished my homework （my homework 是跟在 finish 后的动宾） ；介宾就是跟在介词后作宾语，如：I’ m interested in English (English 是跟在 in 后的介宾语)。

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up. 宾语从句的特点：1.宾语从句有自己的连接词 2.宾语从句用陈述语序 3.宾语从句的时态 一.宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括 that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词一般情 况下选用连接词时，多用翻译语气法，在研究语气翻译翻译法之前，让我们先来看一下什么 是语气，语气就是说话的口气，语气可分为三种：A.陈述语气即没有任何疑问的不需要回答 的语气，如：I have found my lost car；B 一般疑问语气：可以用 Yes 或 No 来回答的疑问 语气，如：Do you need a piece of paper? Yes, thank you.;C 特殊疑问语气：需要具体回答的 语气，如：When were you born?October 3 rd. 在为宾语从句选连接词时，我们首先应将宾 语从句译成汉语， 看是什么语气， 陈述语气用 that 作连接词， that 可以省略， 如： He told me （that） his father would come back the next week. 一般疑问语气用 if/whether 作连接词，if 与 whether 大多数情况下可以互换，但当宾语从句中有 or not 时，不可用 if 只可用 whether， 如：She asked his mother if /whether she could help her.He wanted to know whether his father 2 would come to see him the next day or not. 特殊疑问语气用特殊疑问词， 如： He wants to know what he can do to help his sister. 特殊疑问词含义：1).wh-型 what (什么) What do you want to eat? What(哪个)+可数名词单数/ 不可数名词 What class are you in? What time is it now? when(什么时候) When do you want to meet him? Where(哪里) Where are you from? Who(谁)主格 Who is calling you? Whom(谁) 宾 格 Whom do you want to help you with your English?(口语中常用 who 来代替 whom) whose （谁的） （+名词） Whose cup is this? There is a cup on the desk, whose is it? Why(为什么) Why do you like music so much? Which(哪一个)+可数名词单数 Which apple do you want? Which （哪一些） +可数名词复数 Which apples are from his garden? Which（哪一个）Which do you prefer, this apple or that? 2). how-型 how（怎样）How do you usually come to school? How (身体怎样) How are you? How long(多长时间) How will you stay in China ? How soon(多长时间以后)与将来时（包括现 在将来时与过去将来时）连用 How soon will you be back? How often(多长时间一词)注意当 遇到了诸如：three times a day/a week 之类的也用 how often How often do you have a maths lesson? Twice a day. How many times(多少次) How many times do you take this medicine a day? Three times. How much (多少)+ 不可数名词 How much meat do you want? 注意问钱不忘 how much How much is your shirt? How many(多少)+可数名词复数 How many people (本身 就是复数) are there in your family? How old (多大)问年龄 How old is that boy? 7 years old. How far (多远) How far is it from your home to your school? Two kilometers away. How tall (多 高) 一般指人高树高烟囱高， How tall is the boy? How high(多高)一般指山高建筑物高及离 开地面高， How high can he jump? 二.宾语从句的语序；A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）,如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him 三.宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一 般现” 。

A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种， 如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时) 2.He asks me if I saw his brother yesterday(一般过去时) 3.She wants to know what has happened(现在完成时) 4.I say that the world is changing all the time(现在进行时) 5.He wonders what I was doing at five yesterday afternoon.(过去进行时) 3 6.My father tells me that he will fly to Qingdao for a holiday(现在将来时) 7.My sister says he had learn one thousand English words by the end of last term(过去完成时) 8.My friends hopes me that I can help him(含情态动词的一般现在时) B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态 中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：1.一般过去时，2.过去进行时，3.过去将来时，4. 过去完成时 1.He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时) 2.She asked me whether I was watching TV at this time last day(过去进行时) 3.I wanted to say that our team would beat them(过去将来时) 4.He wondered if I had finished my homework (过去完成时) 5.I said I could help him (含情态动词的一般过去时) C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时，如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth 2.He told me that one and one makes two. 第三讲 状语从句第三讲 状语从句 状语从句是历年中考的一个必考项目，一定要特殊注意。

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial) 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状 况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、 结 果状语从句、条件状语从句 一．时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子 时间状语的连接词：when（当…时候）while（当…时候） as（当…时候） after（在…以 后） before（在…以前） as soon as（一…就） since（自从…到现在） till /until（直到… 才） by the time（到…为止）依旧是连接词后加陈述语序 4 举例：1.when 当…的时候（一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时 ） Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. (当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品 I will become a teacher when I grow up 当我长大了，我要当老师 2.while 当…时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 他在旅途中参观了许多地方。

3.as 在…的同时；一边…一边… He smiled as he stood up. 他一边站起来一边笑着 4.after 在…之后 He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 前几天做完作业之后回的家 5.before 在…之前 Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了 6.as soon as 一…就…(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时) We began to work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那就开始工作 I will write to you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你写信 5 7.。