高一下学期培优阅读理解专项练习.docx

2023届高一下学期培优阅读理解专项练习（三）词义猜测题一、 常见设问形式1. What does the underlined word “...” refer to/mean?2. The underlined word “...” can be replaced by _____.3. Which of the following is closet in meaning to the underlined word “...”?4. What does the underlined word “it/them” in paragraph ... refer to?5. Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word “...”?二、 解题技巧1. 通过定义来猜测词义本技巧适用于所猜生词或短语后有句子（往往用定语从句或同位语从句）对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号、括号中的内容对其加以解释和定义，理解这个句子或段落就可以推断词义定义常用的谓语动词为：be, mean, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify等。

例1（江西八所重点中学2019四月联考）A device from British company Oxford Nanopore Technologies is changing that. The device extracts deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA, from plants.1. Which of the following best explains “extracts” underlined in Paragraph 2? DA. Produces. B. Creates C. Refuses D. Gets2. 通过画线词前后关系来猜测词义画线词前后关系一般分为：同位关系，转折或对比关系以及因果关系构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语常用的信息词或表达有：or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等表示转折关系的词主要有but, however, otherwise, though等；表示对比关系的标志性词语有while, in contrast, unlike, on the other hand等。

表示因果关系的词有because, since, so that, so/such...that..., therefore等如果一个句子或段落中有对两个事物或现象进行对比的描述，可以根据画线词的反义词猜测其词义例2（湘赣十四校2019第二次联考）It offers not only Chinese cuisine at its best but also secluded dining experience in an otherwise buzzing（嘈杂的）metropolis.2. What does the underlined word “secluded” mean in the second paragraph? B A. Fashionable B. Peaceful. C. Popular. D. Crowded.3. 通过代词所指代的内容来猜测词义代词所指的内容多在这一句的前、后句中（特别是前句），或者前几个句子中找到指代的内容后，把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案例3（课标全国II 2017·B）We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.3. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? AA.Their belief. B.Their care for children. C.Their success. D.Their support for each other.4. 通过构词法猜测词义在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以根据构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。

根据前缀或后缀猜测词义，根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例4（湖北八校2019第二次联考）The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.4. Which of the following best explains “outperform” underlined in paragraph 2? AA．Be superior to.      B．Be equal to.      C．Be similar to.       D．Be related to.三、 习题演练AStan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1922. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name---Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-Men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative work-flow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized American comic books.1.What do we know about Lee from Paragraph 2?A.He served for the U.S. Army for two years. B.He suffered from an unfortunate marriage.C.He had a tough and struggling childhood. D.He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.2.What was the company called when Spider-Man was created?A.Timely Comics B.Marvel Comics C.Atlas Comics D.DC Comics3.What doe。