高考英语备考复习思维导图必备知识专题06 从句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）.doc

专题06 从句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）Part01 定语从句1：考点梳理1. 引导定语从句的关系词； 2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；3. “介词＋关系代词”的结构；4. 关系词之间的异同及选用考点1　定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开This is the house which we bought last month. (2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 考点2 关系代词与关系副词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人、物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人、物主语、宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语、宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人、物主语、宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which替换where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in which替换why原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which替换考点3　　关系代词that和which的特殊用法1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：(1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。

I will tell you everything that I know. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to?(3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰Chatting is the only thing that interests her. (4)先行词中既有人也有物The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me. (5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句Who is the boy that is lying under the tree?2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况：(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中The house in which we live is very large. (2)非限制性定语从句中He changed his mind, which made me angry. (3)先行词本身是that。

What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now?考点4　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略His mother,whom he loved deeply,died ten years ago.考点5　关系代词as和which的区别1. 位置不同as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首As we all know, life is not a bed of roses. Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know. 2. 意义不同as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。

As often happened, they won the football game again. It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out. 3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句Such books as you want are sold out. Part02 名词性从句1：考点梳理5. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法； 6. 易混引导词的辨析；7. 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区分考点1　基本用法引导词类别常见引导词作用连接代词what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever有词义，在从句中担任主语、表语、宾语、或定语等成分连接副词how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever有词义，在从句中担任状语成分从属连词that, whether, if除that外均有词义，在从句中不担任成分，只起连接作用考点2 主语从句1. 引导词在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。

主语从句的常见引导词有：(1)从属连词： that, whether, if(2)连接代词：what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever(3)连接副词：how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever2. it作形式主语在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾用it作形式主语通常有以下四种句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词＋从句：It is necessary that... 有必要……It is important that... 重要的是……It is obvious that... 很明显……(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋从句：It is believed that... 人们相信……It is known to all that... 众所周知……It has been decided that... 已决定……(3)It＋be＋名词(短语)＋从句：It is common knowledge that... ……是常识It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that... 事实是……(4)It＋不及物动词/动词短语＋从句：It appears that... 似乎……It happens that... 碰巧……It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想起……It doesn’t matter whether... ……没有关系考点3　　宾语从句动词+宾语从句I want to know what he has told you.介词+wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句His father is worried about whether he would lose his work.besides/beyond/but/except/that (除了)Have you heard anything beyond that he is ill?Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us correct our mistakes.find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等+it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等+it+宾语从句I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.形容词+宾语从句I’m sure that they can make it.考点4　表语从句1. 引导词在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句，可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, 。