过去分词作状语.doc

I． 过去分词作状语所表示的意义： 过去分词短语作状语，可表示时间，原因，条件，让步，伴随等，可发展为一个状语从句过去分词作状语可分为： 一般式 (done) 表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作之前 完成式 (having been done) 强调分词动作发生在谓语动作之前例如： Scolded (As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head. 由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低着头坐在那儿 II．过去分词作状语时的具体用法： 1．过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句例如： Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head. 当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头 2．过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句例如： Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. 因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。

3．过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句例如： Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里， 这些种子能长得很快 Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better. 如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好 注意：此句中的given在许多语法书中作为介词处理 4．过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句例如： Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕 5． 过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态例如： The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students. 老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生 练一练： 1. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait              B. Have waited             C. Having waited        D. To have waited 2. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attracting           B. Attracted                  C. To be attracted      D. Having attracted 3. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins               B. having begun            C. beginning            D. begun 4. ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. A. Exposed              B. Having exposed        C. Being exposed        D. After being exposed 5. Price of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought           B. bought                            C. been bought          D. buying 参考答案： 1—5 CBDCB二､注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置 　　 　　作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的前､后或中间，但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开。

　　The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground， surrounded by a group of students. 　　 那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着过去分词作伴随状语) 　　 【考例1】 ____ by the beauty of nature， the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. (2004年辽宁卷) 　　 A. Attracting B. Attracted 　　 C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 　　【解析】选B句子的主语the girl与attract是动宾关系或说是被动关系，所以要用过去分词短语作状语 　　 　　三､掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换 　　 　　过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间､原因､条件､方式､伴随､让步等所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once， when， while， if， as if， even if， though， unless等连词，我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和系动词be。

例如： 　　Once published， this book will be popular with the students.=Once it is published， this book will be popular with the students.这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎过去分词作时间状语注：分词前once可省略) 　　【考例1】____ with the size of the whole earth， the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 　　 A. Compare B. When compared 　　 C. Comparing D. When comparing 　　 【解析】选B主句中的 the biggest ocean与compare形成逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词 　　 【考例2】No matter how frequently ____， the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006广东卷) 　　 A. performed B. performing 　　 C. to be performed D. being performed 　　 【解析】选A。

动词perform与句子的主语the works是动宾关系，故要选过去分词performed，实际上相当于让步状语从句No matter how they are frequently performed， … 　　四､独立主格结构 　　如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语这就叫作独立主格结构例如： 　　 The town seen from the hill， we can see it more clearly.=If the town is seen from the hill， we can see it more clearly. 　　 如果从山上看这座城市，我们能看得更清楚 　　 Everything taken into consideration， the party was a success. 　　 将所有的事情考虑在内，晚会算是成功的 　　(taken的逻辑主语不是the party， 所以添加其真正的主语everything) 　　 【考例1】He sat silently， ____. 　　 A. eyes are closed B. his eyes closing 　　 C. eyes closed D. eyes to close 　　 【解析】选C。

眼睛闭着表示伴随状态，如果只用过去分词closed，则前后逻辑主语不一致，所以在其前面加上eyes作逻辑主语，eyes closed还可用介词with引导，eyes closed=with his eyes closed 1. Though ____ of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice. 　　 A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned2. ____ from this point of view， the question will be of great importance. A. Considering B. Considered 　　 C. Being considered D. Consider 　　 3. ____ and ____， they ran out of the room. 　　 A. Being excited； happily B. Exciting； happy 　　 C. Exciting； happily D. Excited； happy 　　 4. ____ deep down in the earth， the dead forests rotted away and became coal. 　　 A. Buried B. Burying 　　 C. To bury D. Being buried 　　 5. If ____ green， the door might look more beautiful. 　　 A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 　　 6. Eva， ____ in Canada， lived and practiced law in America. 　　 A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born 　　 7. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction， ____ completely to the outside world. 　　 A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost 　　 8. Everything ____， it wasn’t a bad holiday. 　　 A. considering B. co。