2023考研英语二真题及答案解析.pdf

2023年硕士探讨生入学考试2023英语二 真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymityis also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web asafer place-a voluntary trusted identity“system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and aphoto ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specificcomputer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and onlyregistered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts withone that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have thesea single sign-on“systems that make it possiblefor users to 11 just once but use many different services._ 2.the approach would create a“walled garden“n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods“and bright“streetlights“to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a voluntary ecosystem“in which individuals and organizations can complete onlinetransactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which thetransaction runs”.Still,the administration plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet driveslicense“mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntaryecosystem envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 1 9_.They argue that all Internet usersshould be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on publicroads.1.A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2.A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3.A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4.A.reasonB.reminderC promiseD.proposal5.A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6.A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7.A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD pared8.A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9.A.recallB.suggestC.select0.realize10.A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11.A.carry onB.linger onC.set inD.log in12.A.In vainB.In effectC.In returnD.In contrast13.A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD peting14.A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15.A.onB.afterC.beyond0.across16.A.dividedB.disappointed17.A.frequestlyB.incidentally18.A.skepticismB.relerance19.A.manageableB.defendable20.A.invitedB.appointedC.protectedC.occasionallyC.indifferenceC.vulnerableC.allowed0.unitedD.eventually.enthusiasm0.invisibleD.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000:a year later she becamepresident of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting mucheroticism.But by the end of 2023 Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons hadleft the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firms board.Having made theirwealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chiefexecutives proposals.If the sky,and the share price is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based onhaving weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000different directors between 1989 and 2023.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statementto the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They fount that after a surprise departure,the probability that thecompany will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%.The likelihood of being named in afederal class-action lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger forlarger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,itdoes not mean that such directors are always jumping。