宾语从句语法讲解(全).docx

宾语从句语法讲解[宾语从句歌诀]宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间[歌诀解码]一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由that引导的宾语从句如：We knew （that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。

2. 语序关①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序如：Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.3. 时态关①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。

如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号如：Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副如：If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。

如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.4．Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.12. What's his name? I asked him.I asked him what _____ _____ _____.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.二、选择填空。

) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me ___________?A. where do you live 　 B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.A. why she left 　 B. why did she leaveC. why she had left　 D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why h。