【专业课】英文的、关于英国大本钟的介绍、英国文化类PPTppt模版课件.ppt

Clock Clock TowerTower …………The Clock Tower is a turret [‘tə:rit]（角楼，塔楼）clock structure at the north-eastern end of the Houses of Parliament building in Westminster, London, England. It is popularly known as Big Ben, but this name is actually a nickname [’nik,neim]（绰号,浑名）for the clock‘s main bell. The tower has also been referred to as St. Stephen’s Tower or The Tower of Big Ben, in reference [‘refərəns ] （提及;涉及） to its bell.◆Structure◆ Reliability◆ CultureThe tower was raised as a part of Charles Barry's design for a new palace, after the old Palace of Westminster was destroyed by fire on the night of October 16, 1834. The tower is designed in the Victorian Gothic style, and is 96.3 meters high.Structure The first 61 meters of the structure is the clock tower, consisting of brickwork ['brikwə:k]砖结构with stone cladding ['klædiŋ]包覆; the remainder of the tower's height is a framed [freim]架构,骨架;结构 spire [spaiə]螺旋形上升 of cast iron. The tower is founded on a 15 by 15 meter raft, made of 3-metre thick concrete ['kɔnkri:t]混凝土,at a depth [depθ]深度,厚度 of 7 meters below ground level. The four clock faces are 55 meters above ground.Due to ground conditions present since construction, the tower leans [li:n]倾斜slightly to the north-west, by roughly ['rʌfli] 大约220 millimeters .Due to thermal ['θə:məl]保暖的effects it oscillates ['ɔsi,leit]摆动annually ['ænjuəli] 每年一次by a few millimeters east and west.◆Clock faces ◆The main bell◆Other bellsClock facesThe clock faces were once large enough to allow the Clock Tower to be the largest four-faced clock in the world. The clock mechanism ['mekənizəm]机构;结构itself was completed by 1854, but the tower was not fully constructed until four years later in 1858.The clock and dials ['daiəl]表盘;钟盘were designed by Augustus Pugin. During World War II, the Palace of Westminster was hit by German bombing [bɔm]轰炸;轰击, destroying the House of Commons下院and causing damage to the tower's western clock face.返回The main bell The main bell, officially known as the Great Bell, is the largest bell in the tower and part of the Great Clock of Westminster. The bell is better known by the nickname Big Ben.The name Big Ben was first given to a 14.5 tonne (16 ton) hour bell .The bell was never officially named, but the legend on it records that the commissioner [kə'miʃənə]长官of works, Sir Benjamin Hall, was responsible for the order . Another theory is that the bell may have been named after heavyweight boxer Benjamin Caunt who was popular at the time. There's also a story that the bell was to be called "Victoria" in honor of Queen Victoria, but the ceremonial [,seri'məunjəl]礼节的 speeches went on so long that some joker shouted out "Oh just call it Big Ben and have done with it!" and the name stuck [stʌk]粘住.返回Other bells Along with the main bell, the belfry ['belfri]钟楼houses four quarter bells which play the Westminster Quarters on the quarter hours. The four quarter bells are G sharp, F sharp, E, and B. Because the low bell (B) is struck twice in quick succession [sək'seʃən]一连串 , there is not enough time to pull a hammer ['hæmə ]锤状物 back, and it is supplied [sə'plaid]有...提供的 with two hammers on opposite sides of the bell.返回Reliability The clock is famous for its reliability. This is due to the skill of its designer, the lawyer and amateur horologist [hə'rɔlədʒist]钟表商;钟表专家Edmund Beckett Denison, later Lord Grim Thorpe.  Instead of using the deadbeat ['ded,bi:t]非周期的;无振荡的escapement [is'keipmənt]摆轮and remoter as originally designed, Denison invented the double three-legged gravity escapement. This escapement provides the best separation between pendulum ['pendjuləm]钟摆and clock mechanism. Together with an enclosed [in'kləuzd]与世隔绝的, wind-proof box sunk beneath [bi'ni:θ]在...之下 the clock room, the Great Clock's pendulum is well isolated ['aisəleit]使脱离from external [eks'tə:nl]外来的factors like snow, ice and pigeons on the clock hands, and keeps remarkably accurate time.Despite heavy bombing the clock ran accurately throughout the Blitz. It slowed down on New Year's Eve 1962 due to heavy snow, causing it to chime [tʃaim]鸣,鸣响in the new year 10 minutes late.The clock had its first and only major breakdown in 1976. The chiming mechanism broke due to metal fatigue [fə'ti:g]疲劳,劳累 on 5 August 1976, and was reactivated again on 9 May 1977. On 29 October 2005, the mechanism was stopped for approximately 33 hours so that the clock and its chimes could be worked on. It was the lengthiest maintenance ['meintinəns]维持,保持shutdown in 22 years.返回CultureBig Ben is a focus of New Year celebrations in the United Kingdom, with radio and TV stations tuning to its chimes to welcome the start of the year. Big Ben can be used in the classroom to demonstrate ['demənstreit]论证,证明 the difference between the speed of light and the speed of sound. If a person visits London and stands at the bottom of the clock tower, they will hear the chimes of Big Ben approximately 1/6 of a second later than the bell being struck An image of the clock tower was also used as the logo for London Films.The clock has become a symbol for the United Kingdom and London, particularly in the visual media. When a television or film-maker wishes to quickly convey to a non-UK audience ['ɔ:diəns]观众 a generic location in Britain, a popular way to do so is to show an image of Big Ben, often with a Route master bus or Hackney carriage in the foreground ['fɔ:graund]最突出的位置 . The sound of the clock chiming has also been used this way in audio media, but as the Westminster Quarters are heard from many other clocks and other devices, the unique nature of this particular sound has been considerably diluted[dai'lju:tid]无力的.Thank you!。