
九年级英语复习被动语态及助动词人教四年制.doc
13页九年级英语九年级英语复习被动语态及助动词复习被动语态及助动词人教四年制版人教四年制版【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容:复习被动语态及助动词二. 重点、难点:一被动语态1. 语态的分类:英语动词除了有时态之外,还有语态表示主语和谓语的不同关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态,如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词那么用被动语态,动作的执行者用“by引入的短语表示,但往往被省略此时动作的对象那么充当了被动语态的句中的主语如:The boy broke the window . 那个男孩把玻璃打碎了主动语态The window was broken by the boy . 这个玻璃窗被那个男孩打碎了被动语态2. 被动语态的构成: “助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词构成动词被动语态的形式,助动词 be 有人称,数和时态的变化,其变化规那么与 be 作为系动词的变化完全一样3. 被动语态的用法:1不知道谁是动作的执行者时如:My watch was stolen . 我的手表被窃This jacket is made of cotton . 这件夹克是棉制的2没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时。
如:This hat was made in China . 这顶帽子是中国制作的The bicycles must not be put here . 这儿不准放车3强调或突出动作的承受者时如:The letter was posted . 信发了He cannot be relied on . 他不可靠4出于礼貌措词等原因不愿说出动作的执行者时如:Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police .有谁看见这只狮子,请给动物园和警方打 You are wished to do it more carefully .希望你认真一点做5为使句子结构简练,紧凑,上下连贯,也即出于行文的需要如:When he was still a young man , he was forced to leave his home land for political reasons .他年轻时,就由于政治原因被迫离开了祖国Lenin often talked to his comrades and was always listened to attentively .列宁经常和同志们谈话,同志们总是留心听他说。
6在文章标题、广告、新闻等中常用省略助动词 be 的被动语态如:Telephone call placed .TCP 接通了省略了 has beenGirls Wanted . 招女工广告用语,省略了 areRoad Blocked . 道路堵塞新闻报道省略 is 4. 主动语态与被动语态的转换:把主动语态的结构变为被动语态结构时,要做如下的变动:1主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语2主动结构中的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态结构中的谓语动词be+动词的过去分词3主动结构中的主语变为介词“by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后假设动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by 组成的短语就可省略4主动语态变被动语态时,时态要保持一致5含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构,变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不动一般是将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语,这样句子显得自然一些 主动句:Most people love pop songs . 大多数人都喜欢流行歌曲 主语 谓语 宾语被动句:Pop songs are loved by most people . 主语 谓语 宾语 主动句:Did Johnson write the letter himself ? 约翰逊自己写的信吗? 主语 谓语 宾语 同位语被动句:Was the letter written by Johnson himself ? 主语 谓语 宾语 同位语 主动句:When did they finish the work ? 他们什么时间完成这活儿的?状语 主语谓语 宾语When was the work finished by them ?状语 主语 谓语 宾语注意:注意: 含有直接宾语和间接宾语时,一般把指“人的间接宾语变为主语,指“物的直接宾语保存不动。
常见的能接双宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的词有give,show,bring,lend,send 等,这些词与介词 to 搭配还有 buy,make,draw 等,这些词与介词 for 搭配 如:We gave them some books . 我们给他们一些书They were given some books .变间接宾语为主语Some books were giventothem .变直接宾语为主语 含有宾语补足语的句子,宾语变为主语后,宾语补足语变成主语补足语,原来的位置一般不变但如果宾语补足语是不带 to 的动词不定式,句子变成被动语态后那么要加to,以便将两个动词隔开如:We keep food cold in the fridge . 我们用电冰箱保鲜食品 Food is kept cold in the fridge .Every day the tiger made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat .老虎每天强迫一个小动物给他带点吃的东西来 Every day one of the smaller animals was made to bring the tiger something to eat . 短语动词的被动语态:短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组,在被动结构中也是如此,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
如:The nurse takes good care of the children . 护士很好地照顾小孩The children are taken good care of by the nurse . 孩子们受到护士很好的照顾The Partys policy has been successfully carried out . 党的政策得以很好地贯彻A notice will be put up on the wall . 墙上将贴一张布告All applications should be handed in before Saturday .所有申请书应在星期六以前交上来This question has been much talked about recently .这问题最近谈论得很多The English evening has been put off till Friday .英语晚会已延期到星期五举行二助动词1. 助动词 be 的形式和用法:1形式:be 有 8 种形式:be,am,is,are,was,were,being,been2用法:“be+现在分词构成进行时态。
如:You are working hard today . 你们今天干得很努力What have you been doing these days ? 这几天来你在干什么?“be+过去分词构成被动语态如:A new computer has been bought by the office . 办公室已购置了一台新电脑Such books are written for children . 这种书是为儿童写的 与形容词、名词、代词,从句等构成“系+表结构如:The cat is very big . 这猫挺大的They are my friends . 他们是我的朋友be+动词不定式构成谓语如:The new text seems to be easy , but actually , it is rather difficult .这篇新课文好似很容易,其实相当难These books are not to be taken out of the room . 这些书不得带出室外 2. 助动词 have 的形式和用法1形式:have,has,had过去式,having,had过去分词2用法: 与过去分词构成各种完成时。
如:Weve known each other since 1987 . 我们从 1987 年起就互相熟悉了Hes been to Shanghai . 他去过We had not seen each since I left Beijing . 自从我离开,我们就没见过面 和动词不定式连用构成谓语,表示因客观环境,促使不得不做的事如:The bus has left , and if we want to catch the train , well have to take a taxi .公交车开走了,假设想赶上那趟火车,我们不得不打的注意:注意:have 还可用作实义动词,表示“有,“吃等含义Would you like to have some beer ? 你想喝点啤酒吗?Were having breakfast . 我们还在吃早饭 3. 助动词 do 的形式和用法: 1形式:do,does,did2用法: 构成一般现在时和一般过去时疑问句如:Do you know what they are talking about ? 你知道他们在谈论什么吗?What time do you usually get up ? 你通常几点钟起床?How did you cut it ? 你是怎么切的? 构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否认句。
如:He didnt come to school last Monday . 上星期一他没来上学He doesnt want to go there , neither do they . 他不想去那儿,他们也不想I dont know his number . 我不知道他的 号码 代替前面刚出现的动词,以防止重复如: Do you learn English ? Yes , I do . 你学习英语吗?是的,我学习英语This material looks nice . So does that one . 这料子看来很好那种也很好 用于加强语气,表示强调多用于肯定式中如:Do come and join us . 一定要来参加我们的活动I do think you are right . 我确实认为你是对的I do like you . 我真的喜欢你注意:注意:do 还可用实义动词,表示“做、干等含义They went out to do some shopping . 他们外出买东西去了Would you please do me a favour ? 你愿帮我一个忙吗?4. 助动词 should / will 的形式和用法:1形式:shall,should,will,would2用法:“shall / will+动词原形,构成一般将来时,表示将来意义。
shall 用于单复数第一人称,will 可用于所有人称在今日英语中,shall 常被 will 替代如:Will you close the door , please ? 请关上门好吗?Shall I get you a taxi ? 我给你叫辆出租车好吗?“should / would +动词原形,构成过去将来时should 作为“shall的过去形式,用于单、复数第一人称;would 作为“will的过去式,可用于各人称They said that they would finish it 。
