气候变化摘录climate_change_excerpt.pdf

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ ENERGIE HOW THE ENERGY SECTOR CAN DELIVER ON A CLIMATE AGREEMENT IN COPENHAGEN © OECD/IEA, October 2009 Special early excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2009 for the Bangkok UNFCCC meeting INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous body which was established in November 1974 within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to implement an international energy programme. It carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among twenty-eight of the thirty OECD member countries. The basic aims of the IEA are: ? To maintain and improve systems for coping with oil supply disruptions. ? To promote rational energy policies in a global context through co-operative relations with non-member countries, industry and international organisations. ? To operate a permanent information system on international oil markets. ? To provide data on other aspects of international energy markets. ? To improve the world’s energy supply and demand structure by developing alternative energy sources and increasing the effi ciency of energy use. ? To promote international collaboration on energy technology. ? To assist in the integration of environmental and energy policies, including relating to climate change. IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA. © OECD/IEA, 2009 International Energy Agency (IEA) 9 rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Please note that this publication is subject to specifi c restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of thirty democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. ? ? INTERNATIONAL? ENERGY? AGENCY? ? ? HOW? THE? ENERGY? SECTOR? CAN? DELIVER? ON? A? CLIMATE? AGREEMENT? ? IN? COPENHAGEN Special? early? excerpt? of? the? ? World? Energy? Outlook? 2009? for? the? Bangkok? UNFCCC? meeting? ? How?the?energy?sector?can?deliver?on?a?climate?agreement?in?Copenhagen? ? ? INTERNATIONAL? ENERGY? AGENCY??©?OECD/IEA?2009? Page? |? 3? Foreword?? by?the?Executive?Director?of?the?IEA? The?World? Energy? Outlook? 2009?(WEO?2009)?delivers?a?simple,?stark?message:?if?the?world? continues? on? the? basis? of? today's? energy? policies,? the? climate? change? impacts? will? be? severe.? Energy,? which? accounts? for? two? thirds? of? today's? greenhouse?gas? emissions,? is? at? the? heart? of? the? problem? –? and?so?must?form?the?core?of?the?solution.?We?need?urgently?to?set?in?motion?an?energy?and? environmental? revolution,? to? transform? the? way? we? use? energy? and? to? deliver? a? sustainable? future.? WEO?2009? maps? out? this? transformation,? detailing?the? role? of? the? energy? sector? in? a? scenario? that? leads? to? the? long? term? stabilisation? of? the? concentration? of? greenhouse? gases? in? the? atmosphere? at? 450?parts?per?million?of?CO2?equivalent?–?our?450?Scenario?–?and?setting?out?the?investments?and? financing? needed? to? make? it? happen.? The? financial? and? economic? crisis? of? the? past? 18? months,? analysed? in? depth? in? WEO?2009,? has? had? a? considerable?impact?on?the?energy?sector.?CO2?emissions?are?expected?to?fall?in?2009,?which?can? help? us? to? achieve? this? 450? trajectory? –? but? only? if? the? right? policies? are? put? in? place? promptly.? The? success? of? the? UNFCCC? process? is? crucial? to? this.? ? The? task? is? extremely? challenging,? but? it? is? achievable,? and? success? is? necessary? to? avoid? the? worst? consequences?of?climate?change.?And?the?co? benefits?are?numerous.?The?450?Scenario?requires? extra?investment?but?most?of?this?is?in?energy?efficiency?measures,?which?offer?substantial?energy? cost? savings,? and? in? low? carbon? power? generation,? which? may? have? high? up? front? costs,? but? typically? offers? substantial? cost? savings? compared? to? the? technologies? being? replaced.? ? The? improved? energy? efficiency?will?help?bring?about?more?sustainable?economic?development,?while?lower?energy? impo。