专题45.细节理解题——定位信息巧比对（学生版通用版）.docx

细节理解题——定位信息巧比对细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题一、题型特点要知晓(一)细节理解题常见设问方式1．特殊疑问句形式以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题2．判断是非形式含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式4．填空形式如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.(二)细节理解题正确选项特征同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。

如把lose one's job换成了be out of work有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项原文原词利用原文原词作为正确选项三)细节理解题干扰选项特征张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反正误参半部分正确，部分错误二、方法技巧要用好直接信息题在解答直接信息题时，考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案解题流程图如下：[例1]…I found the pre­holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less­used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．…33．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A．Saving up for her holiday.B．Raising money for a poor girl.C．Adding the money to her fund.D．Giving the money to a sick mother.[解题示范]第一步：定信息区间抓关键题干中的关键词：Georgia, sell, objects锁信息定位：用Georgia，sell，objects寻读，在文中找到信息源——She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).第二步：比对定答案选项选项意思定位A为她的假期储蓄。

曲解文意B为一个贫困女孩募捐曲解文意C把钱放入她的基金同义替换D把钱送给一个生病的妈妈无中生有[分析]　选C　比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基金；选项和原文中均出现fund一词，故为直接细节理解题2022·全国甲卷阅读A节选)Theatres and EntertainmentSt David’s HallSt David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk21. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.间接信息题间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。

此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理[例2]…Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.…24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?A．They contain protein.B．They are high in vitamin A.C．They have a pleasant taste.D．They are rich in antioxidants.[解题示范]第一步：定信息区间抓关键题干中的关键词：cherries锁信息定位：用cherries寻读，在文中找到信息源——As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.第二步：比对定答案选项选项意思定位A它们含有蛋白质。

张冠李戴B它们富含维生素A张冠李戴C它们口感好同义替换D它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质张冠李戴[分析]　选C　根据该段最后一句“As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C．”可知，原文中的they are so delicious被替换成选项中的They have a pleasant taste，为间接细节理解题2022·全国甲卷阅读A节选)The Glee Club Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiff22. What can people do at the Glee Club?A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.New TheatreThe New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.Park Place, Cardiff CF1。