Unit 8 重点语法梳理-2020-2021学年高一英语下学期期末专项复习（北师大版2019）.doc

Unit 8 单元语法动词－ing和－ed形式　[合作探究]　 画出下列句子中的 “动词－ing形式和动词－ed形式” 结构，并指出其所作的句子成分示例：A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.(定语)①The experiment was an amazing success.(定语)②Li Ming’s hobby is collecting stamps.(表语)③When I walked into the office, I saw a girl using my computer.(宾语补足语)④He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.(状语)⑤The Olympic Games, first played in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.(状语)⑥What’s the language spoken in that area？(定语)⑦We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.(表语)⑧She found her necklace gone on her way home.(宾语补足语)[自主发现1](1)动词－ing形式可以在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。

2)动词－ed形式可以在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语一、动词－ing形式1．作定语[合作探究]　No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话A little child learning(＝ who is learning) to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤There are many students waiting (＝ who are waiting) to get examined.有许多学生在等待检查[自主发现2](1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语2)现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句2．作状语[合作探究]　Hearing the noise, I turned around.＝When I heard the noise, I turned around.听到响声我转过身去Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.＝Because he was poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。

Working hard, you’ll certainly succeed.＝If you work hard, you’ll certainly succeed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书[自主发现3]现在分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况；作方式状语和伴随状语时，可以变为并列分句；作其他状语时，可以变为相应的状语从句[名师提醒]现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果；而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do结构He was caught in the rain, making himself catch a cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。

I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天3．作宾语补足语[合作探究]　I saw a small girl standing in front of a fishbowl.我看到一个小女孩站在鱼缸前I saw that thief getting on the train.我看见那个贼正在上火车I saw the thief get on the train and disappear.我看见那个贼上了火车，消失不见了I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.在持续的噪音下我无法完成作业[自主发现4](1)现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系2)feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等感官动词，既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；不带to的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作的完成4．作表语[合作探究]　The result of the game was disappointing.比赛结果令人失望。

His life story sounds very moving.他的人生故事听起来很感人What I am tired of is waiting here alone.我厌烦独自在这里等My hobby is collecting stamps.我的爱好就是集邮[自主发现5]作表语的动词－ing形式包括现在分词和动名词现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容二、动词－ed形式1．作定语[合作探究]　The broken vase has been thrown outside.那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了I borrowed a book written (＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain from the library.我从图书馆里借了一本马克吐温写的书[自主发现6]单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句[名师提醒]不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如：boiled water＝water that has boiled开(过的)水the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶a developed country＝a country which has developed发达国家2．作宾语补足语When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

I want the letter posted.我想把这封信寄出去She found her necklace gone on her way home.在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了 [自主发现7](1)及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系2)少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成3．作表语[合作探究]　The door remained locked.门仍然锁着Later they found that they were lost.后来他们发现他们迷路了We were amazed at the beauty of the lake.这个湖泊的美使我们大为惊奇[自主发现8](1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，look，become等2)有些过去分词作表语时，已经具备了形容词的性质4．作状语[合作探究]　Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。

原因状语)Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快条件状语)Asked about the matter, she kept silent.当被问及那个问题时，她默不作声时间状语)The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间方式状语)He walked slowly in the forest，followed by a dog.他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗伴随状语)[自主发现9](1)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动2)过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首动词－ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语动词－ed形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示被动和完成，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

[巩固内化1]单句语法填空/同义句转换①China is a (develop) country belonging (belong) to the third world.②Ladies and gentlemen, please go and wait in the (meet) room.③That must have been a (terrify) experience.④The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.→ The girl me was my cousin.developing meeting terrifying sitting next to[巩固内化2]　完成句子① ,the boy couldn’t focus on his study.因为很困，这个男孩不能把注意力集中在学习上② ,you will master this language step by step.每天都用英语说话，你会一步一步掌握这门语言。

③I stared at the dark sky 。