
高二英语动词ing用法归类总结.doc
23页ing分词的用法一、-ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例): 一般式 完成式主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成如:Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气1.-ing分词的一般式 doing 1) . 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义Eg:Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要Eg:Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
2).-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;Eg:Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣Eg:They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室2.-ing分词完成式 having done:完成式表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作Eg:Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格Eg:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.Eg:Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.3. -ing分词的被动式 being done :-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作.Eg:The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
4. having done的被动形式having been done表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生Eg:Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了Eg:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library. 在被带去看了实验室之后,我们又被带去参观校图书馆5动词-ing形式的否定形式 动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词-ing形式之前 Eg:Excuse me for my not coming on time. Eg:I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. 例1. ______ to the station on time made everyone worried last week. A. Him not getting B. Not his getting C. His not getting D. Not getting6.动词-ing形式的复合结构 动词ing形式的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格,名词所有格或普通格加动名词,动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。
动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式: ①形容词性物主代词+动名词 ②名词‘s +动名词 ③代词宾格+动名词 ④名词+动名词 【注意】动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语作主语时,不能用③④两种形式 Eg:Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot. 汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻 Eg:Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now.翻译练习:His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高翻译练习:He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了二 -ing分词的语法作用 动词-ing一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等1)–ing分词(短语)作主语: 动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数:Eg:Reading books widens our knowledge.读书增长我们的知识Eg:Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
翻译练习: Learning English well is not easy. 在下面两种结构中,-ing分词也作主语A. It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time /fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语为了保持句子平衡,通常用it 作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末Eg:It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收Eg:It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间翻译练习:It is no use waiting for him any longer. B.当句型“There is no doing…”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时,需用动名词作主语 Eg:There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑 There is no point (in)doing sth 干…….没意义Eg: There’s no point (in) waiting. 等待是毫无意义的。
There is no sense(in)doing sth. 干…没道理/意义 例.1.In my mind,_____ that famous university will be the only way to become a worlds-class writer. A. attending B.to attend C. attend D. having attended 2. My grandfather is a millionaire, but _____ money does not solve all his problem. A. has B. to have C. having D. having had 2) -ing分词(短语)作表语:Eg:His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票Eg:The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑3) -ing分词作宾语:①–ing分词可作动词宾语, 作动词的宾语mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,), admit(承认), appreciate(感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟), dislike(不喜欢,厌恶), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), forgive(宽恕), imagine(想象), keep(保持), miss(错过), practise(训练), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk(冒险), deny(拒绝,否认), consider(考虑)等。
Eg:I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事Eg:We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课例1:He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost答案B.后risk 后接动名词,he与 lose是主谓关系2: Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 3.To improve your spoken English, you should practice_____ it every day. A. speak B. to be spoken C. speaking D. to speak ②-ing分词作宾补,也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语,而用it作形式宾语。
如:Eg:I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的Eg:Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗?③-ing分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面如:Eg:I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭Eg:They don’t feel like walking that much. 他们不喜欢走那么多路翻译练习:Don’t be afraid of speaking English.不要害怕说英语此类短语还有很多如:can’t help(忍不住)be proud of(以……自豪), be responsible for(对……负责), insist on(坚持), keep on (继续)think of(考虑,想到), dream of(梦想), hear of(听说), prevent…from(防止,阻止), keep…from(防止,阻止), stop…from(防止,阻止), be engaged in(从事于), depend on(依靠,依赖), thank…for(因……而道谢), excuse…for(因……而道歉), aim at(目的在于), set about(着手做), be。
