澳大利亚早期儿童教育与保育简介

1、CRICOS No. 00213Ja university for theworldrealRCRICOS No. 00213JEarly Childhood Education and Care in Australia 澳大利亚早期儿童教育与保育 Associate Professor Sue Walker School of Early Childhood, QUT 教授 昆士兰大学幼教系Thanks to Pam Koger (QUT) for assistance with presentation 感谢帕姆克罗格(昆士兰科技大学)为陈述演示提供的帮助昆士兰科技大学Gardens Point campusKelvin Grove campusBrisbane central business district花园点校区布里斯班中央商务区凯尔文格罗夫 校区Early childhood teacher education has been operating for more than 100 years at the Kelvin Grove Campus.凯尔文格罗夫校区的

2、幼儿教师教育历史已逾百年Byrne (1976)Byrne (1976)The School of Early Childhood at QUT has links with researchers and practitioners in many countries.昆士兰大学幼教系与多个国家的研究和实践人员 建立了联系We live in a global village 我们生活在一个地球村里Australia 澳大利亚 Estimated resident population of Australia is 22,596,500 people (March, 2012) 澳大利亚居住人口约为 22,596,500人（2012年3月） Population of Queensland is estimated at 4,537,000 (March, 2012) 昆士兰州人口约为 4,537,000人（2012年3月） Population of children birth -5 years in Australia is approximately 1,450,000 (

3、Australian Demographic Statistics, December, 2011) 澳大利亚0-5岁儿童数量约为1,450,000（澳大利亚 人口统计局，2011年12数据）The State of the Worlds Children (UNICEF, 2012) 世界儿童现状We operate in a global context. 我们的工作涉全球。 Children and families are on the move. 儿童和家庭在迁移 Children and families use globalised information systems. 儿童和家庭运用全球化的信息系统 Our approach needs to be global AND local. 我们的工作方式不仅需要着眼全球，也需要 立足本土ECEC has been influenced by: 早期儿童保教受到以下方面的影响 Developmental science 发展科学 Neuroscience 神经科学 Educational and social scienc

4、e 教育与社会科学 Human rights 人权 Economic, cost-benefit research 经济成本效益研究Neuroscience shows: 神经科学表明： The childs brain is characterized by plasticity and is changed by experience. 儿童的大脑具有可塑性的特点，并随着经历发生变化Sensory motor and social experience contributes to neural foundations. 感观运动和社会经历有益于神经基础Early relationships influence social and emotional wellbeing. 幼儿早期的关系影响其社会幸福感和健康的情感(Halfon, Shulman Gallagher 2005) （哈尔丰、舒尔曼与霍尔斯坦，2000；加拉格尔 2005）HM Government (2006). Reaching out: An action plan on social exclusion. R

5、etrieved November 2, 2006 from : http:/www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/publicationsThis figure compares the brain of a normal 3-year-old child (the image on the left) with the brain of a 3-year- old who has suffered severe environmental sensory-deprivation neglect (the image on the right). The child who has suffered neglect has a significantly smaller brain and has enlarged ventricles and cortical atrophy.47Differences in brain development following sensory neglect英国政府（2006） 伸出手：针对社会排斥的行动计划 . 200

6、6年11月2日： http:/www.socialexclusionunit.gov.uk/publications这张图片将正常的3岁儿童的大脑（左图）和患上严重环境感觉剥夺忽略症的三岁儿童的大脑 （右图）进行了比较。右图患感觉忽略症的幼儿的大脑明显较小，脑室扩大，脑皮层萎缩患上感觉性忽略症后，幼儿大脑发育的差异三岁岁幼儿正常极度忽略Investing in quality ECEC has long term benefits 对早期儿童保教的投入会带来长远的益处 Starting Strong II (2006) 赢在起跑线上二（2006）学龄前教育学校教育机会成本职业培训学龄前学校离校后人力资本的 投资回报率表1.9人力资本的投资回报率，最初设定的投 资在各年龄层都是同等的ECEC is a national and international priority. 早期儿童教育保育是各国以及国 际的重点工作赢在起跑线 二早期儿童教育保育经济合作与发展组织 “The early years last a lifetime.”(Hertzman, 2004, p.4). OECD

7、Review of ECEC in 20 countries (1998 2004)The review showed the importance of ECEC for children and families today and for educational, social and health outcomes in the future.Australia Finland Mexico Austria France Netherlands Belgium Fl Germany Norway Belgium Fr Hungary Portugal Canada Ireland Sweden Czech Rep. Italy United Kingdom Denmark Korea United States 经济合作与发展组织对20个国家的早期儿童保教情况调查报告（1998 - 2004） 报告表明了早期儿童保教对于今天的儿童和家庭，以及对于未来的教育、社会和健康结果的重要性 Australia Finland Mexico Austria France Netherlan

8、ds Belgium Fl Germany Norway Belgium Fr Hungary Portugal Canada Ireland Sweden Czech Rep. Italy United Kingdom Denmark Korea United States CRICOS No. 00213Ja university for theworldrealR10 Policy Recommendations (Bennett & Tayler) 十项政策建议 (贝内特 与 泰勒)1.social context 社会环境2.well-being, early development and learning 幸福、早期发展和学习3.governance structures 治理结构CRICOS No. 00213Ja university for theworldrealR4. guidelines and curricular orientations 指导方针和课程取向5. quality pedagogical goals 高质量的教学目标 CRICOS No. 0

9、0213Ja university for theworldrealR. 6. reduce child poverty 减少儿童贫困 7. family and community involvement 家庭和社区参与 8. Improve working conditions 改善工作条件CRICOS No. 00213Ja university for theworldrealR9. quality 质量 10. learning, participation, democracy 学习，参与和民主CRICOS No. 00213Ja university for theworldrealRECEC is a public good 早期儿童教育与保育 是一项公共财产Australia has its first-ever curriculum framework for children, birth to five years 澳大利亚第一个适用于0-5岁幼儿的课程框架归属，存在与形成澳大利亚幼 儿学习框架belonging, being, becoming 归属，存在，形成 childrens everyday lives 幼儿的日常生活 here and now “此时此地” interdependence 相互依靠 relationships 建立关系 change in childrens lives 改变幼儿的生活For families Belonging is the basis for living

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