阅读理解之细节事实题解题技巧课件-2022届高三英语二轮复习

1、第十七章第十七章 阅读理解阅读理解第一节 阅读理解答题方法 阅读理解文章的体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文和各种应用文。在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：1、采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：a读首句抓大意。文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。b读尾句抓大意。有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。c读首段抓大意。有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。d从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题

2、句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。e归纳要点抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。第二节 细节事实题解题技巧 细节题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题、语义转化题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。尽管英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。一、题型特点与命题方式所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做

3、好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：When/Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is(not)correct?Which of the following statements is(not)mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。二、解题思路与应试技巧细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即

4、原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。三、细节题类型1、直接信息题对此类题型，考生可以

5、首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。经典例题1It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs.（第（第1616题信题信息定位）息定位）In other words,they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education dont.It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs.But this isnt accepted by all people.16.People with little education usually .A.spend a long time in schoolB.have a

6、good chance to get a jobC.spend the best years to choose jobsD.have fewer chances to get a good job【答案】D。【解析】根据第一段“In other words,they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education dont.”描述，可知接受教育很少的人，获得好工作的机会很少。故选D。【点评】细节理解题。（第17题信息定位）Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living.This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.In fact,if education is just a way of making a living

7、,people dont need to spend so much time in school.People can get education for a living in a short time.Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone.Even language and maths need not be taught in detail(详细地),either.Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.17.The earliest education was probably to .A.make a man lead a better lifeB.teach a man to write and readC.make people get a way of livingD.teach people to read good books【答案】C

8、。【解析】根据第二段“Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living.This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.”描述，可知选C。【点评】细节理解题。经典例题2 Violin prodigies(神童),I learned,have come in distinct waves from distinct regions.Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe.I asked Isaac Stern,one of the worlds greatest violinists,the reason for this phe

9、nomenon.“It is very clear,”he told me.“They were all Jews and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world.They were not allowed into the professional fields,but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.”As a result,every Jewish parents dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.Another element in the emergence of prodigies,I found,is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to

10、 nurture(培育)talent.Nowadays,the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East.“In Japan,a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours,”says Isaac Stern,“children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields,including music.When Western music came to Japan after World War II,that music not only became part of their daily lives,but it became a discipline as well.The Koreans and Chinese,as we know,are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.Thats a good thing,becau

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