毕业论文《光电传感器专业技术的新发展及应用》

1、摘要 摘要在科学技术高速发展的现代社会中，人类已经入瞬息万变的信息时代，人们在日常生活，生产过程中，主要依靠检测技术对信息经获取、筛选和传输，来实现制动控制，自动调节，目前我国已将检测技术列入优先发展的科学技术之一。 由于微电子技术，光电半导体技术，光导纤维技术以及光栅技术的发展，使得光电传感器的应用与日俱增。这种传感器具有结构简单、非接触、高可靠性、高精度、可测参数多、反应快以及结构简单,形式灵活多样等优点，在自动检测技术中得到了广泛应用，它一种是以光电效应为理论基础，由光电材料构成的器件。它可用于检测直接引起光量变化的非电量，如光强、光照度、辐射测温、气体成分分析等；也可用来检测能转换成光量变化的其他非电量，如零件直径、表面粗糙度、应变、位移、振动、速度、加速度，以及物体的形状、工作状态的识别等。光电式传感器具有非接触、响应快、性能可靠等特点，因此在工业自动化装置和机器人中获得广泛应用。关键字：光电元件传感器分类传感器应用 ABSTRACTThe photoelectric transducer adopts the photoelectric component as the t

2、ransducer measuring the component. It changes the change measured into a change of the optical signal at first, then further change the optical signal into an electric signal through the photoelectric component. The photoelectric transducer is generally made up of light source, optical thorough fare and photoelectric component three parts. The photoelectric detection method has precision high, reacts fast, advantage of exposed to ing etc.s, and can examine the parameter more, the transducer is o

3、f simple structure, the form is flexible, so, it is very extensive that the photoelectricity type transducer is employed in measuring and controlling. The photoelectric transducer realizes the key component that the photoelectricity changes in various photoelectric detection systems, it change into electric device of signal optical signal (infrared can seeing and purple other ray radiation). The photoelectricity type transducer is regarded photoelectric device as and changed the transducer of th

4、e component. It was not electric consumption that it caused the light quantity to change directly that it can be used for measuring, only strong, illuminance, radiation examine warmly, the gas composition is analyzed etc.; Other ones that can also be used and measured and can change into a light quantity and change are not the electric consumption such as part diameter, surface roughness, meets an emergency, the displacement, vibration, pace, acceleration, and the form of object, discernment of

5、working state,etc. The photoelectricity type transducer is not exposed to, respond the fast, reliable characteristic of performance, so won extensive application in the industrial automation device and machine philtrum. In recent years, new Devices photoelectric constantly emerge, especially CCD picture the births of transducer, transducers photoelectric the further to last chapter innovated to turn on.Keywords： Photoelectric component Transducer classification Application of transducer 目录 i 目录第

6、一章 绪论.1 1.1 传感器发展史.1 1.2光电传感概述.2第二章 光电传感器基本原理.3 2.1 光电效应.3 2.2 光电元件及特性.3 2.3 光电传感器.6第三章 CCD传感器.11 3.1 光固态图象传感器.11 3.1.1 CCD的结构和基本原理.11 3.1.2 线型CCD图像传感器.123.1.3 面型CCD图像传感器.13 3.2 CCD图像传感器应用.153.2.1 工件尺寸检测.153.2.2 CCD传感器在公共交通上的应用.16第四章 光纤传感器.17 4.1 光纤传感器的原理和组成.17 4.2 光纤传感器的类型及特点.174.3 光纤传感器的应用领域.184.4 光纤传感器（FOS）应用原理.20 4.5 光纤传感器的实际应用.214.5.1 光纤液位传感器.224.5.2 电力工业中的应用.22第五章 其它光电传感器.25 5.1 高速光电二极管.255.1.1 PIN结光电二极管.255.1.2 雪崩光电二极管(APD) .26 5.2 色敏光电传感器.26 目录 5.3 光位置传感器.27第六章 总结与展望.29 6.1 总结.29 6.2 展望.30致谢.31参考文献.33第一章 绪论 3第一章 绪论1.1 传感器发展史传感技术的发展经历了三个阶段,即结构型传感器、物性型传感器和智

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