建筑采光和遮阳
44页1、BBRT201105/31建筑遮阳和日光照明建筑遮阳和日光照明Building shading and daylighting controlBuilding shading and daylighting control许鹏许鹏 教授教授 博士博士 博导博导机械工程学院机械工程学院Peng Xu Professor,PhD,PE,MBACollege of Mechanical EngineeringContents内容纲要内容纲要lImportanceofshadingcontrolanddaylighting遮阳和自然采光的重要性lShadingstrategies常见遮阳策略lDaylightingandbuildingenvelope日光照明与建筑立面lSampleprojectsandsuccessfulstories成功案例lSoftware计算软件Windows,architecture love them,occupants love them.They are modern,stylish,provide better view,easy to build,easy
2、 to maintainWhat is the pain?Public buildingsOfficeResidentialSmall commercials2But engineers hate them,regulators do not want them,because they are wasting energyWhat is the pain?Building codes all over the world are using description or energy budget method to regulate the window to wall ratioInsummer,directsolarheatgainaccountsformorethan50%ofcoolingloadInwinter,wallinsulationvalueisabout10timeshigherthanthatofconventionalwindows.Therefore,buildingsincoldclimatecanonlyhavesmallwindows3lWindow
3、saremoreimportantthananyotherbuildingcomponentsintermofenergyimpactlIncoldclimate,morethan50%heatlossarethroughwindowslInhotclimate,directsolarheatgainisabout1/3ofcoolingloadlLightingenergyconsumptionismorethanheatingandcoolingcombinedincommercialbuildingsLow-energy intensity design and windowsLow-energy intensity design and windowsAirconditioningpeakloadanalysisinsummerl50%ofbuildingenvelopeloadarecausedbywindowslWindowshadinginsummerandwindowinsulationinwinteraretwocriticalissuesYear of Built,
4、Government office building built at different yearsEnergy survey resultsYear of builtShang-haiWuhanShen-zhenFuzhouChongqingTotalAverageAnnualElectricityUse(kWh/m2)195040.973.257.11970sorbefore73.865.872.71980-1990s125.467.567.570.72000s138.266.853.766.2Unknown62.859.561.1All135.062.859.568.058.666.3MaximumAnnualElectricityUse(kWh/m2)195052.678.278.21970sorbefore138.487.1138.41980-1990s125.4128.495.7128.42000s205.0248.2121.5248.2Unknown73.4105.0105.0All205.073.4105.0248.2121.5248.2MinimumAnnualEl
5、ectricityUse(kWh/m2)195029.268.229.21970sorbefore15.744.515.71980-1990s125.421.442.021.42000s104.719.25.15.1Unknown47.330.030.0All104.747.330.015.75.15.1Samplesize19502241970sorbefore132151980-1990s1125182000s3141835Unknown121325All41213412797 Worst energy intensity buildings get worse and worse Energy survey resultsBackgroundMisunderstandingofwindowslThesmallerthebetter,controlWindowtoWallRatiolEastandWestfacadesaresamelSmallnorthfacingwindowslSizematters,heightdoesnotlWindowisfixedlBlindsarein
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