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高中定语从句知识结构图解

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1、图解定语从句概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。指人的先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词指物的先行词先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 先行词 (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 替代前面的先行词（替代作用）关系词的作用连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）定语从句 “三要素” 关系词: 引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why) 定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。定 He is a teacher who works at our school. 定语从句非限制性定语从句：对

2、先行词起补充说明作用的分类 (先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) 语 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.) 从 He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons) 句定语从句几个难点关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语关系代词的省略 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that) 限定性定语从句关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略比较: Housing price is a problem (t

3、hat/which) people are interested in. Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. （此时只能用which且不能省略）以疑问词who开头的句子中 Who is the man that is shouting there? 关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况 She is not the girl that she used to be. 先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for. 先行词是人 that/who的区别行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that, 另外一个用who 用who的情况 Who is

4、the boy that won the gold medal? 在there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him. 在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study. 在非限定性定语从句中. She lost the game, which depressed her greatly. 关系词置于介词之后,作宾语. The pen with which you write is Jacks. 用which的情况先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句, 一个关系词用that,另一个用which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us. 先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much, 先行词是物 anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等 that / which She did all that she could to help us. 的区别先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much,

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