21年高考[英语]考点：阅读理解（科普类）（教师版）专项突破.pdf

高考考点高考考点专项突破 真金试炼真金试炼备战高考备战高考 高考考点 | 专项突破 精品资源 | 备战高考2 专题专题 18 阅读理解（科普类）阅读理解（科普类） 1.D【2020全国新课标 I】 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.316 32What is the first paragraph mainly about? AA new study of different plants. BA big fall in crime rates. CEmployees from various workplaces. DBenefits from green plants. 高考考点 | 专项突破 精品资源 | 备战高考3 33What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? ATo detect plants lack of water BTo change compositions of plants CTo make the life of plants longer. DTo test chemicals in plants. 34What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? AThey will speed up energy production. BThey may transmit electricity to the home. CThey might help reduce energy consumption. DThey could take the place of power plants. 35Which of the following can be the best title for the text? ACan we grow more glowing plants? BHow do we live with glowing plants? CCould glowing plants replace lamps? DHow are glowing plants made pollution-free? 【【答案答案】】32D33A34C35C 【【解析解析】】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发 了一种发光植物文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物 有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用 32主旨大意题根据第一段中 A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较 好的地区犯罪率较低在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高 15% 由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处故选 D 33细节理解题根据第二段中 These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感 器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。

由此可知，麻省理 工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况故选 A 34细节理解题根据最后一段中 Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可 知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少 高考考点 | 专项突破 精品资源 | 备战高考4 能源消耗故选 C 35主旨大意题根据最后一段中 Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的 7%。

由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻 公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源 结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介 绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节 约能源的作用由此可知，C 选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题故选 C 2.B【2020全国新课标 II】 Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs 。