云南省普高专升本公共课（公共英语）语法精讲（三）：动词的时态和语态.pdf

读万卷书 行万里路 1 云南普通专升本公共课（公共英语）云南普通专升本公共课（公共英语） 语法精讲（三）语法精讲（三） ：：动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 学习目的学习目的：： 1掌握最常考的 10 种时态并且能够熟练运用 2. 掌握常考时态的 10 大句型 3. 掌握被动语态的翻译方法 时态时态 时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式英语中有 16 种时态下面以动词 work 为例，具体熟悉一下各种时态的变化形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般时 work / works worked shall / will work would/should work 进行时态 is / am /are working was/were working shall/will be working would/should be working 完成时态 has / have worked had worked shall/will have worked would/should have worked 完成进行时 has / have been working had been working shall/will have been working would/should have been working 在英语中常用的时态有 12 种，下面分别介绍。

1 1一般现在时一般现在时 与一般现在时连用的时间状语通常有通常有 always, often, usually, frequently, rarely, sometimes, seldom, ever, never, every day( week, month, year etc.), once a year, now and then, from time to time 等一般现在时 有如下几种基本用法： 表示现在时间内经常性、 习惯性的动作或状态 或现在的状态和特征 如： My father doesnt like pop music. Young people love sports. The shop opens at nine every day. 读万卷书 行万里路 2 Nowadays children seldom go to the cinema. 表示客观真理，科学事实及客观存在如： He said that practice makes perfect. Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. He told me last week he is eighteen. 在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。

如： Well go boating if it is fine tomorrow. As soon as you are ready, well start. When Peter graduates, hell go abroad for further study. He is going to visit his uncle the day he arrives in Beijing. 表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作常用于飞机、火车、轮船、等 定期定点运行的交通方式这些动词包括：go, come, arrive, leave, start, begin, move, return, plan , end, depart, open, stop 等 如： Go and find out when the train starts. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. School begins next week. 某些以 here, there 开头的句子谓语动词一般用现在时，表示现在发生 的动作。

Here comes the bus! There goes the bell! Here we are! 在 make sure, be sure, see to it 后面的 that 从句中常用一般现在时 表示将来如： Make sure that all the doors are locked before you go to bed. Be sure you finish your homework today. See to it that the lights are off before you leave the office. 读万卷书 行万里路 3 2. 2. 一般过去时一般过去时 表示过去的动作、习惯动作或状态这时多有明确的表示过去的时间状语 或上下文的暗示如： They had a baby last month. He served in the army from 2000 to 2008. Peter came back from abroad the day before yesterday. Martina didnt look well when I last saw her. When she was in Hefei, she came to see me every week. 可用来表示已完成的动作。

如： I wrote a letter yesterday. Johnson read two books last week. 用于谈论或评价已死的人如： Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays. 表示现在的情况，体现委婉客气的语气如： Could I have a look? Did you want me ? I hoped you would help me. I wondered if you could help me to mail this letter. 3. 3. 一般将来时一般将来时 一般将来时由动词 shall/will + do 构成 通常与以下的时间状语连用 next week/ month/ year, later, tomorrow, tonight, soon, someday, in a few days, in a minute, from now on 等其基本用法如下： 表示将来的动作或状况 He will be twenty next year. He will get there early. 在真实条件句和时间状语从句的主句中表示将来情况。

Ill be round to see you if I have time tomorrow. When I am free, Ill go shopping with you this afternoon. 读万卷书 行万里路 4 Ill tell you as soon as he comes. 用于条件状语从句中表示愿望或意愿 If they will co-operate, our plan will succeed. If you will wait for me, I shall come back soon. 将来时其他表示方法：将来时其他表示方法： be going to do 它表示主观打算、 计划、 安排或者有迹象将要发生的天气变化等情况 如： If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible? Look at the dark clouds. Theres going to be a storm. We are going to have a meeting this afternoon. be about to do 表示即刻、 马上要发生的动作， 有 “正要、 刚要” 的意思。

不能与 tomorrow, next week, soon etc 表示明确时间的状语连用如： He is about to leave for Beijing. The vacation is about to start. be to do 它表示正式的计划、安排、日程、规定中必然发生的动作或状 态 We are to meet at the school gate. You are to finish the work by noon. Where are you to stay tonight? There is to be a lecture on How To Learn English tomorrow afternoon. be doing 有些动词的现在进行时可以表示按计划或安排即将发生的事 这类动词有 go, come, leave, start, return, meet, fly etc. 如： I am leaving tomorrow. When are you starting? She is coming to supper this evening. 读万卷书 行万里路 5 He is flying to America tomorrow. 4. 4. 现在完成时现在完成时 1 它可以表示：其一，过去某时开始，延续到现在而且在说话之前已经完成 的动作。

其二，动作始于过去，持续到现在，对现在仍有影响，也许还会持 续下去句中常与以下时间状语连用：already, as yet, yet, ever, never, just, before, lately, recently, till/until, in past years, always, all morning, since, so far, up to now, now, these days, this week/month/year. 例如： * I have lived here for more than ten years. * My uncle has worked in a clinic since 2004. * Some new oilfields have been opened up since 2000. * We havent seen each other lately. * He has worked hard all his life. 2 for 引出的时间状语只能修饰表示延续性动作的动词表示瞬间、短暂性 动作或位置转移的动词不能用这类修饰语。

如： * John has come to China for five years. （错） * John has been in China for five years. （对） 3 在表示时间或条件状语从句中可以用现在完成时来表示将来完成的动作 * The youn。