定语从句讲义及含.doc

定语从句讲义及含定语从句〔讲义〕定语从句观点回想在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句I love stories that are very interesting.I like singers who write their own music.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词关系词：1.连结主从句 2.取代先行词 3.在定语从句中作成分关系词分为两种：关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词： when, where, why关系 先行 作用 例句代词 词that 人/物 主、宾、表 I know the girl that is under the tree.which 物 主、宾、表 I found the pen which he lost.who 人 主、宾、表 I know the girl who is under the tree.whom 人/物 宾 He is the writer whom we like.whose 人/物 定 The room whose door is open is mine.一、定语从句中只用 that 的状况当先行词是物时，一般状况下用 which 或 that 都能够，但以下状况只好用 that来指引。

1. 当先行词为 all, none, much, little, the one, anything, nothin等g不定代词时，只用 thatAll that you like is very good.Everything that we have seen in China is moving.2. 当先行词前面有 all, any, no等修饰时，只用 thatI want to read all the books that are about history. Doyou have any ideas that can help us?3.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高等或 the only, the very, the last,just 等修饰时，只用 thatThe first thing that we should do is to get some food.This is the best movie that I have ever seen.第 1 页This is the only book that I want to read.4. 先行词中既有人又有物时，只用 that。

The writer and his novel that you have talked about are reallyfamous.5.当主句是以特别疑问词开头的特别疑问句时，只用 thatWhich is the course that we are to take?Who is the boy that is playing baseball?6. 当主句以 There be构造开头，且先行词作其主语时，只用thatThere is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two books on history that are for you.单项选择：( )1. I hope that the little I have been able to do can helpthem.A. which B. what C. that D. whom( )2. They talked about the people and places they hadvisited.A. which B. that C. who D. whom( )3. The third room windows are big is ours.A. that B. which C. whose D. who( )4. This is the most beautiful city I ’ve evesreen.A. which B. that C. who D. whom( )5. I live in Shanghai _ I like now.A. which B. what C. who D. whom( )6. Who is the man is waiting at the school gate?A. which B. what C. that D. whom( )7. There is a present on the table is for you.A. which B. that C. who D. whom二、定语从句中的关系副词关系词分为两种：关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose (主/宾/表/定)关系副词： when, where, why (状)1. when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the year. In the year you visited Henan.合成定语从句：第 2 页I still remember the year when you visited Henan.I will never forget the day. On the day I joined the Party.合成定语从句：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.2. where表示地址，在定语从句中作地址状语That is the school. In the school I studied ten years ago.合成定语从句：That is the school where I studied ten years ago.Zhengzhou is the city. In the city I got my first job.合成定语从句：Zhengzhou is the city where I got my first job.3. why 表示原由，在定语从句中作原由状语，其先行词是表示原因的reason一词。

We don’t know the reason. For the reason he was late.合成定语从句：We don’t know the reason why he was late.Can you tell me the reason? For the r esao n you left Xi ’an.合成定语从句：Can you tell me the reason why you left Xi ’an?用适合的词填空：1. This is the town he was born.2. The reason he refused the invitation is not clear.3. Tell me the time Lily will come.4. This is the house I lived yesterday.5. I forgot the day he went to Beijing.This is the mountain village I visited last year.?? 易混点：当先行词是表示时间或地址的词时，要特别注意其在从句中的成分。

假定在从句中充任状语成分，用关系副词；假定是其余成分那么用关系代词This is the mountain village I visited last year.第 3 页This is the mountain village I stayed last year.I will never forget the days I spent in the village.I will never forget the days I lived with my aunt.练习：1. She didn ’t tell mt hee reason she left Beijing.2. There comes a time you have to make a choice.3. Don’t forgethe time I ’ve told you.4. That ’tshe hospital he worked last year.5. He works in a factory makes TV sets. 关系副词还能够用 “介词+which〞来取代：★ I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.I will never forget the day on which I joined the Party.I will never forget the day. On the day I joined the Party.★ That is the school where I studied ten years ago.That is the school in which I studied ten years ago.★ We don’t know the reason why he was late.We don’t know the reason for which he was late.三、定语从句的翻译英译汉： “⋯ ⋯ 的⋯ ⋯ 〞I know the girl who is under the tree.主句：我认识那个女孩。

从句：那个女孩站在树下归并：我认识站在树下的那个女孩I remember the day when you got the prize.主句：我记得那天 从句：那天你得奖了归并：我记得你得奖的那天汉译英：我找到了他丢的那支钢笔主句： I found the pen.第 4 页从句：He lost the pen.归并：I found the pen which he lost.这就是我爸爸工作的那家工厂主句：This is the factory.从句：My father works in the factory.归并：This is the factory where my father works.用定语从句的有关知识进行翻译：1. The room whose door is open is mine.2. He is the only person that can help you.3. This park is a good place where I spend the weekend.4. 这是一本很多人都喜爱的书5. 他知道 Lily 学习努力的原由6. Tom 将要去上海，他的哥哥此刻住在那边。

四、讲堂检测〔一〕单项选择( )1. The first thing my brother is going to do thisafternoon is to write a letter.A. which B. that C. why D. who。