12名词性从句(1).doc

专题语法导航专题十二 名词性从句语法精讲基础概述一、定义在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses） 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(the Subject Clause)、宾语从句(the Object Clause)、表语从句(the Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(the Appositive Clause)二、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、从属连词：that, whether/ if, as if2、连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose3、连接副词： when, where, why, how具体用法见下表：引导词用法例句从属连词that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略主语从句It is important that we should learn English well.宾语从句He told us (that) he felt ill.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.表语从句The fact is that we have lost the game.同位语从句The news that we won the game is exciting.whether/ ifas ifif (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

主语从句Whether he will accept the invitation remains a secret.宾语从句Attitude determines whether/ if people are successful and able to enjoy life.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.表语从句It looks as if it is going to rain.同位语从句He was tortured(折磨) by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.连接代词whatwhichwhowhomwhose有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等主语从句Who will win the match is still unknown.宾语从句She wondered what he had done.表语从句That’s just what I want.同位语从句The question who should do the work requires consideration.连接副词whenwherewhyhow有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

主语从句When the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.宾语从句Tom wanted to know where the meeting would be held.表语从句That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.同位语从句I have no idea when he will come back home.考点梳理名词性从句的常考考点主要有下面六个：【考点一】考查名词性从句的语序问题在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句句首外，其它部分应用陈述语序而考生们往往使用疑问句的语序，特别是在以wh-引起的名词性从句中克服这个问题的关键就是要找准从句的主语克服这个问题的关键是要找准从句的主语在试题的设置上会通过宾语从句、表语从句的语序来考查，尤其是一些与特殊疑问句有关的宾语从句或表语从句例如：He asked how much I paid for the violin.Can you tell me what's the matter with him?【即学即练】These shoes look very good. I wonder _____.A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost【解析】选C。

根据题干的及物动词wonder可以看出后面跟的是how (much) 引导宾语从句，而名词性从句要用陈述语序，排除疑问语序的B、D选项A项的可以改为how much they cost或how much they are worth故选C项考点二】考查宾语从句中的否定转移主要针对宾语从句在宾语从句中，当谓语动词是think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine/ guess/ expect/ consider等表示“认为、相信、猜测”意义的词，并且主语是第一人称，时态是一般现在时，形式上是否定主句谓语动词的否定词实际上否定的是宾语从句在反意疑问句中，其中的附加问句要与从句保持一致，而且要把否定词转移到从句中去如：I don’t believe he treated the child like that, did he?.【即学即练】I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _____?A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she【解析】选B。

题干中的be sure同believe, 而且句子的主语是第一人称，时态是一般现在时，所以附加问句（反意疑问句）与从句一致，并且否定词要转移考点三】考查名词性从句引导词在高考单项选择中，名词性从句中连词的选择往往是测试的热点考生若不认真分析，没有一定的方法，常常造成判断上的失误，最终错选了连词首先，我们先了解名词性从句的引导词的用法：1. who“谁”，在从句中做主语2. whom“谁”，在从句中做宾语，但在口语中常用who代替whom3. whoever(=anyone who)，它的意思是“凡是……的人”，它的宾格形式是whomever （但在口语中常用whoever代替 whomever）.4. whose “谁的”，在从句中做定语. 5. what (=the +n. + 定语从句)“什么，所以的”；whatever(=anything+ 定语从句)“凡是……的物”What 和whatever都可在从句中做主语、表语、宾语等6. which“哪一个；哪些”；whichever”无论哪一个都”Which 和whichever都可在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语等7. where“在哪儿”，在从句中做地点状语；when”什么时候”，在从句中做时间状语；how”多么”，在从句中做方式状语；why”为什么”在从句中做原因状语。

8. whether”是否”，在从句中不充当任何语法成分，引导及物动词的宾语从句时，可换成if, 引导介词的宾语从句或引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，只用whether.9. that无汉语意思，在从句中也不充当任何语法成分，只起连接作用然后，我们不妨采取“一分二划三看”三步法对试题加以分析，然后做出正确的选择一、“一分”即分清从句类型即分清从句是哪一种名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）二、“二划”即划分出从句三、“三看”即看从句句意是否完整：1、句意不完整→缺连接代词 ①人 who, whoever（主语）；whom, whomever（宾语）②物 what, whatever（主语、宾语）；which, whichever（主语、宾语）2、句意完整（1）缺连接副词：①时间：when；②地点：where, wherever；③原因：why；④方式：how2）缺不作成份的连词 ①有含义：if, whether（是否）；②无含义：that【考点四】形式主语、形式宾语当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，为了避免“头重脚轻”，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。

不能用this或that来代替it.例如:It is a pity that he can’t attend the party.We consider it necessary that he should improve his grammar.(that不可以省略)【即学即练】①_____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It【解析】选Dit做形式主语，代替真正的主语 that从句②I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 【解析】选A此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语. 有些动词如hate, love, appreciate等后习惯加代词it，再接宾语从句考点五】考查名词性从句中虚拟语气⑴主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句都会涉及到虚拟语气，一些表示建议、要求、命令的动词，如insist（坚持）/suggest （建议）/order（命令）/ request（要求、请求）/require（要求）/ recommend(建议)/ urge(催促, 力劝)等后的宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+ do（动词原形）”，其中的should可以省掉。

对应的名词作主语跟表语从句，或对应的名词跟同位语从句，也要用虚拟语气但是如果有其它意义则例外，比如suggest表示“暗示”所跟的宾语从句就用陈述语气例如：The teacher suggested that we (should) have a rest.It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions.My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions hasn’t been accepted.My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers to improve our English.⑵主语从句中的某些句型，如It’s necessary/ essential/ strange/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder；It’s (high) time that …等中也常用虚拟语气，构成形式也是“should +动词原形”例如：It is。