
航海专业英语总复习ppt课件.ppt
55页航海英语总复习,一、气压 atmosphic pressure,测量仪器气压计 microbarograph 低压depression 在低压周围地区会形成闭合的等压线closed isobars, 在北半球,风是循环绕中心以反时针(anti-clockwise, counterclock wise, backing) 并向内吹在南半球,风是向内并以顺时针(clowise, veering)向内吹,在低压区,通常伴随associated with bad weateher 高压:high prssuere 也称反气旋anticyclone 闭合等压线构成的中心气压比(compared with)周围高的区域 伴随好天气associated with fine weather This area is characterized by quiet, settled weather. 难专业词汇 低压槽trough(V-shaped depression ):由低压向处延伸出来的狭长区域常伴有冷锋front或锢囚锋occlusion 高压背ridge:由高压向外延伸出来的狭长区域 鞍型区 col:相对并相邻的两高压和低压组成的中间区域。
二、风,测量仪器风速计:anemometer lee side 下风舷 方向:来向 It is specified by the direction from which it blows. Wind ward 上风舷 大小:蒲低风级表 Beaufort scale of wind, 教材P129 背,别是8级之后 西北太平洋 Typhoon 西北大西洋、东北太平洋、南太平洋 Hurrican 印度洋、邦加尔(Bengal)阿拉伯海:Cyclone tropical 澳大利西北称为willy-willy. 在北半球,沿台风移动方向的右边圆为危险半圆dangerous Semicirle. Monsoon 季风,wet,410月,在印度洋 from SW Dry,113月,在印度洋 from NE,三、湿度 humidity,测量仪:湿度计:hygrometer 绝对absolute/相对 relative humidity 大小: 露点dew point 通风ventilation. 雾和能见度: fog visibility, condensation凝结/液化 (1)大雾dense fog 浓度thick fog 中雾fog轻雾morderate fog 薄雾mistthin fog haze 霾是尘埃、烟等引起(caused by dust or smoke particles suspended in the air by rising currents .由上升气流而悬浮在空气的尘埃或微粒导致) (2)能见度:Visibility poor, maderate, good, very good. Exceptional 记住等级,名称和距离P130 4雨P138 isolated shower 阴、阳转多云、阴有雨、偶尔阵雨、零星阵雨,局部阵雨、局部阵雨或雷雨、阵雨、雷雨overcast cloudy/withrain, occasional scatlered shower local showers and thunderstorms SCTTD=scattered 零星的ISLTD=isolated 局部的,四、气象报告,主要有三部分 warning (gale/storm/hurricane/typhoon warnings) synoptic situation/General situation/synopsis/summary Forecast c effective for 12 24 hrs 天气图缩写 气压梯度pressure gradient 风力大小(记),船舶操纵装置的种类,screw, propeller FPP: fixed pitch propeller CPP: controllable pitch propeller (Variable PP),船、桨、舵综合效应(右旋FPP),1吸入流:suction current/排出流,discharge current 沉深横向力transverse fore of propeller submergence,大小随桨叶在水面下的深度增加而增加,进车推尾向右首向左,加速影响明显。
伴流横向力 transverse force of wake current,伴流流速分布上大下小,左右对称进车推尾向右,静止后退不存在 排出流横向力 transverse force of discharge carnet, 打在舵叶右下方的水流冲角大,进车推尾向左首向右 2综合作用 静止中进车,作用使首向左,倒车+首向右 静止中倒车,、作用首向右,但-V个减弱操纵性能,1反移量kick1罗经点,1% Lbp/偏移 2进距advance 3横距transfer 旋回初径tractical diameter 定常旋回直径 final diameter 滞距 reach 漂角drift angle 转心 pivoting point 初始回转性能initial turning ability, 用诺宾指数Norrbine 衡量,越大越好 10追随性指数 yaw quick,用T表示,T大航向稳定性Course stability 差 11旋回性指数 turning ability 用K表示,K大旋回性好 12冲程stopping distance,倒车,revrese,急停crash,,拖轮作业方式有 吊拖towing ahead 顶推pushing 傍拖 towing alongside 浅水效应 shallow water effect 侧壁:wall effect 受限水域效应 restricted water effect/confined water effect 船体下沉 squat,用傅汝德系数衡量F,应急操船,应变部署 practice muster 拖滩 beaching,弃船 abandon ship ,搁浅 stranding 触礁 strike on a rock 发现人员落水,立即大声呼叫,就近抛下救生圈,向落水一舷操满舵,盯落水者,报驾驶员。
船舶载货性能,1表示某船某航次可载货物重量用:Net deadweight /deadweight或Full loaded displacement/loaded displacement /displacement,表示 2容积 capacity 舱柜compartment/散载Grain/包装Bale/液货舱Liquid/液舱Tank 3舱容系数Coefficient of load 较大的表示宜装轻货 4空载/压载航行排水量 , light ship/ballasted displacement 表示船舶没有装货unlaoad /lighted启航 5吨位tonnage 容积范畴,表示船舶规模 登记Registed(净吨位Net ,港口使费charge,锐金、运河吨canal,运河通航费、总吨位Gross),货运业务中常碰到的“四心”,1稳心 Transverse /Longitudinal metacenter (MT, ML),总在浮力与重力交点上稳心高度above base line (KMT,KML) 2.浮心,Vertical center of buoyancy 浮心作用中心,水下体积中心 3重点 Vertical center of gravity 4漂心 Longitudal center of floatation 水线面的形心,稳性,Transverse/Longitudal , statical /dynamical, initial/stability at large angles 1.GM=KM-KG 2.GM大,复原力臂 the righting lever arm GZ一般也大,稳性大/摇摆快stiff, 返之tender. (GZ=KN-KG sin) KN形装稳性力臂Lever of form stability KH重点稳性力臂Lever of stability by weights. 3.自由液面修正free surface correction 使GM可看作KG或G重心的升高 4力矩moment 复原力矩righting moment,载重线标志,the load line mark/load line 1.储备浮力 reserved buoyancy 用于舷 Free board 表示在船中,从干舷甲板上边缘有关水线的垂直距。
2MBDD 木材北大西洋冬季载重线,现用LWNA Timber North Atlantic load winter line,强度,strength of ships 1. 切力 shear fore, 弯矩bending moment 2. 中拱hogging , 中垂,sagging,底部受拉延 bottom/tension.,吃水,draft 1. 实际吃水 real draft 从龙骨keel 下绷量起,型吃水moulded draft 上缘量起 首尾吃水Fare/oft draft, 平吃水 even keel,首倾,拱头/昆倾、尾沉、拱尾,trim by head/stern.吃水差trim. 正常航行时应保持适度尾倾 2水尺标志 draft mark 字高字隙10cm或6英尺inch,危险货物,dangerous goads /cargo 1.国际危规IMDG code 2.种类.explosives 爆炸品爆炸上/下限Upper/lower explosive limit (气体) (P91-96页货 运)气体Gas, compressed 压缩,liquefied and dissolved under pressure 加压溶解易燃液体inflammable liquids, 用flash point (closed cup opened cup衡量,用规定仪器测定)。
固体. Inflammable solids, spontaneously combustible substance易自燃物质 and substances emitting inflammable gases when wet 遇水放出易燃气体的物质 用燃点inflammable point ,自燃点 spontaneous combustion point表示 氧化剂和有机过氧化物Oxidizing substancesand organic peroxides. 5.2 限于甲板 有毒物质和感染性物质 Toxic and infections substances 放射性物质Radioactive substances,运输指数TI transport index 腐蚀品 corrosive substances 杂质 Miscellaneous dangerous substances.,,隔离要求 Away from 远离/separated from 隔离/separated by a complete compartment or hold from 隔离了,用一整个舱室或货舱壁离/separated by an intervening complete compartment 。












