2023届高三英语名校新题专题04（阅读理解之七选五） 期中考试专辑 解析版.docx

2023届高三英语名校新题快递—11月期中考试专辑专题04阅读理解之七选五 解析版北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题How Sociologists Define Culture Culture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives. It is important for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging social order, determining how we make sense of the world and our place in it, and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences in society.____35____In brief, sociologists define the non–material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people. Expanding on these categories, culture is made up of our knowledge, common sense, assumptions and expectations. It is also the rules, norms, laws and morals that govern society; the words we use as well as how we speak and write them; and the symbols we use to express meaning, ideas and concepts.____36____It informs and is encapsulated in how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others; how we behave depending on the place, time and “audience”; and how we express identities of race, class and gender, among others. Culture includes the collective practices we participate in as well, such as religious ceremonies, the celebration of secular holidays and attending sporting events.____37____This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things, from buildings, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others. Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products.Sociologists see the two sides of culture—the material and non–material—as closely connected. Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture.____38____But it is not a one–way relationship between material and non–material culture. Material culture can also influence the non-material aspects of culture. For example, a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs.____39____What has come before in terms of music, film, television and art, for example, influences the values, beliefs and expectations of those who interact with them, which then, in turn, influence the creation of additional cultural products.AThis is why cultural products tend to follow patterns.B. It is composed of both non-material and material things.C. Without culture, we would not have relationships or society.D. Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.E. Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.F. Culture is distinct from social structure and economic aspects of society.G. In other words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that we make.【答案】35. B36. D37. E38. G39. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了社会学概念中文化的各种形式以及内容35题详解】前文提到“It is important for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging social order, determining how we make sense of the world and our place in it, and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences in society.（它对塑造社会关系、维护和挑战社会秩序、决定我们如何理解世界和我们在其中的地位、塑造我们在社会中的日常行为和经验都很重要后文提到“In brief, sociologists define the non–material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people.（简而言之，社会学家将文化的非物质方面定义为一群人共有的价值观、信仰、语言、交流和实践。

社会学家提到了文化在非物质方面表现为价值观、信仰、语言等，由此可知文化在社会学表现为物质和非物质方面B项“It is composed of both non-material and material things.”（它由非物质的和物质的东西组成该项可作为第一段的段尾句同时引起第二段关于文化两个方面的内容，起到承上启下的作用36题详解】后文提到“It informs and is encapsulated in how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others; how we behave depending on the place, time and “audience”; and how we express identities of race, class and gender, among others. （它体现在我们走路、坐着、抬着身体以及与他人互动的方式中；我们的行为取决于地点、时间和“观众”；以及我们如何表达种族、阶级和性别等身份由此判断，人们的一些行为也是根据文化本身而进行的D项“Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform.”（文化也是我们所做的以及我们的行为和表现。

该项提到的“行为和表现”对应后文中出现的“走路、坐着、互动方式”等，起到承上启下的作用37题详解】第三段第二句提到“This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things, from buildings, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others.（这方面的文化包括各种各样的东西，从建筑、科技产品和服装，到电影、音乐、文学和艺术等等能通过建筑、科技等方式体现的文化指的是文化的物质方面，E项“Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use.”（物质文化是由人类制造和使用的东西组成的该项提到的“由人类制造和使用的东西”指的是后文中提到的“建筑、科技产品、服装”等由此判断该项起到引起后文的作用38题详解】前文提到“Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture.（物质文化产生于文化的非物质方面，并受其塑造。

文化的物质和非物质方面是相互影响的，尤其是非物质方面会影响物质方面，G项“In other words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that we make.”（换句话说，我们所重视的、相信的和知道的影响着我们所做的事情）由此判断，该项中提到的“what we value, believe and know ”（我们所重视的、相信的和知道的）即为文化的非物质方面，该项起到承上启下的作用，故选G39题详解】前文提到“ a powerful documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs.”（一部好的纪录片可能会改变人的态度和信仰），且后文提到“What has come before in terms of music, film, television and art, for example, influences the val。