上海英语导游词(2014版) 上海概况之历史,经济,旅游.ppt

上海概况之 历史，经济，旅游 For most people the very word“Shanghai” provokes excitement, stimulates imagination, and raises hopes. “So this is Shanghai!” has been a usual exclamation by newcomers, both foreigners and the Chinese.,History---A,Archaeological[,ɑ:kiə'lɔdʒikəl] finds show that the first evidence of settlements in the region of Shanghai dates back to about 6,000 years ago. But, what is now the city proper of Shanghai did not come into being(形成）till the middle of the 10th century. For a quite long period，the inhabitants in this area made a living by fishing on the fresh watershed created by the alluvial deposits(冲积物) from the Yangtze River. As alluvial deposits built the delta eastward, the estuary and the harbor were created. Commercial traffic began to treat this place as the port of choice. In 1267, the Shanghai town was established on the bank of a river called Shanghai. In 1292 Shanghai was made a county.,History---B,In the 14th century, new technology of textile manufacturing was introduced into Shanghai, and the city rapidly developed into a major center of textile manufacturing serving the entire empire. The textile manufacturing remained a major industry in Shanghai for several hundred years till the late 20th century. In the 16th century, the first contact with Christian missionaries was reported, marking the beginning of the cosmopolitan evolution of Shanghai. Foreign traders came next to Shanghai’s shores. In the 18th century, Shanghai became increasingly engaged not only in Chinese internal and coastal trade but in commerce for international markets as well. Its role as exporter of finished products such as cotton cloth, silk and other handicraft manufactures brought in great wealth. In the opening decades of the 19th century, Shanghai was listed among the twenty or so largest cities in China. Shanghai’s trade was boasting a tonnage['tʌnɪdʒ] comparable to, or even greater than, that of London.,History---C,Following the 1st Opium War in 1842, Shanghai became a Treaty Port(通商口岸) opening to foreign trade and residence. The one-century concession era (租界时代) started. The British, French, Americans, Germans, and other foreign powers established concessions in the suburbs of the Chinese City, making use of the cheap labor and their ever-increasing(不断增长的) wealth from the opium trade. The establishment of the concessions resulted in the expansion of the urban area to many times of the old town. These communities were designed after their own countries and made desirable to their needs. In the concessions, the local administration，from police and sanitation [sænɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n] to roads and building regulations, was in foreign hands. Therefore, Shanghai was seen as virtually a divided city with three main separate communities: the Chinese Town, the French Quarters, and the International Settlement.,History---D,Before the arrival of foreigners, Shanghai was a wholly Chinese city with most of its residents living in a walled town(寨镇). In the concession days, however, many Chinese moved into the concessions to form their own enclaves(被包领土）beside the foreigners’ communities, defining the precise contour lines（精确的轮廓线）of Shanghai cosmopolitanism. The society of Shanghai featured an extraordinary mixture of conspicuous consumption and poverty (炫耀性消费/摆阔/挥霍和贫困 ) , refinement and decadence (精化和颓废), conservatives and revolution（保守派和革命）. On the other hand, the city’s gaiety and stylishness earned it the name of “Paris of the Orient” and, on the other, the widespread corruption, vice, drugs, and prostitution made it “The Whore of Asia”. Various theories and beliefs were rampant. This was welcomed by various adventurers who viewed Shanghai as “a paradise”. Both the dramatic physical change of Shanghai and the social transformation distinguished the city from others in China.,History---E,A century of “the paradise for adventurers” was brought to a close in World War II. The Japanese bombed Shanghai on January 28, 1932, and the Chinese fought back in(进行反击) what was know as the January 28 Incident. Years later in 1937, after a fierce battle(激战/恶战), the Japanese occupied the Chinese administered parts of Shanghai outside of the International Settlement and the French Concession. When Japanese took over Shanghai, most foreign residents reacted not by fighting, as they would have done for a colony, but by evacuation ([ɪ,vækjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n] 疏散/撤离/排泄) . After defeating(击败/战胜) the Japanese in 1945, the Chinese recaptured(夺回) Shanghai and foreign powers renounced(声称放弃）their claims（他们的主张）in this city.,History---F,The birth of the PRC in 1949 ushered in a new era in Shanghai. With the decadence eliminated and the stability restored, Shanghai transformed itself from a consumption city to the industrial center and the drive of the national economy in China. For the next four decades Shanghai lived up to its role as China’s chief port and manufacturing center.,History---G,In the early 1980s, China embarked on a groundbreaking reform in its hi。