北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三年级上册期末练习英语试卷（解析版）.pdf

海淀区20222023学年高三第一学期期末练习英语试卷本试卷共10页，100分考试时长90分钟考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共 10小题;每小题1.5分,共 15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑Weve all heard the saying“Laughter is the best medicine.And there might be something in this idiom.Numerous studies have shown that people who report greater tend to have better medical outcomes.For instance,a 2017 study at the University of Nottingham tested the effect of mood on 138 retirees 2the normal flu injection.Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination went on to 3 more flu-fightingantibodies.Earlier work at Yale University and the University of Florida has also shown that peoples mood affectsthe activation of genes that fight disease.But does happiness lead to good 4.or is it the other way around?After all,it could be that people whohave strong immune systems 5 have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well.Here is a possible evolutionary 6.Humans evolved as social creatures that cooperate in groups to7 food and protect themselves from wild animals.We were happier with a（n）8 network of friends andfamily because this improved our chances of survival.But closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds forrespiratory（乎吸的）9 such as flu and colds,so we would have needed to increase the activity of the genesthat fight these diseases.For those who were 10 from society,however,infectious disease was less of a problem,and genes thathelp recover from physical injury may have been prioritized instead of the ones that fight disease.1.A.successB.confidenceC.happinessD.determination2.A.avoidingB.receivingC.missingD.organizing3.A.produceB.repairC.detectD.absorb4.A.healthB.moodC.relationshipD.performance5.A.graduallyB.naturallyC.randomlyD.rarely6.A.solutionB.predictionC.applicationD.explanation7.A.consumeB.serveC.secureD.purchase8.A.fixedB.enormousC.complicatedD.close9.A.functionsB.infectionsC.activitiesD.systems10.A.cut offB.taken overC.picked outD.made up【答案】l.c2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B6.D 7.C 8.D9.B 10.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。

笑是最好的良药”许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果文章对此进行了解释1题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意：许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果A.success成功；B.confidence 信心；C.happiness 快乐；幸福；D.determination 决心结合上文Laughter is the bestm edicine可知，此处指笑带给人们的更大的幸福往往会带来更好的医疗结果2 题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意：例如，2017年诺丁汉大学的一项研究测试了 138名接受正常流感注射的退休人员的情绪效果A.avoiding避 免;B.receiving接受；C.missing错过；D.organizing组织结合下文thenormal flu injection”可知，此处指他们接受流感疫苗的注射3 题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意：那些在接种疫苗当天感到高兴的人继续产生更多的抗流感抗体A.produce制造；生产；B.repair 修理；C.detect 发 现;D.absorb 吸收根据空前Those who felt happy on the day of thevaccinationv及 下 文“more flu-fighting antibodies”可知，对于当天接种疫苗的人而言，他们会产生更多的流感抗体。

故选A4 题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意：但是高兴真的能带来健康吗，还是恰恰相反呢？A.health健康；B.mood情绪；C.relationship 关系；D.performance 表现结合前文“peoples mood affects the activation of genes thatfight disease.可知，人们的情绪会影响对抗疾病的基因的激活，所以此处是在问高兴真的能带来健康吗故选Ao【5 题详解】考查副词词义辨析句意：毕竟，那些拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质A.gradually逐渐地；B.naturally自然地；C.randomly随便地；任意地；D.rarely稀有地根据下 文 have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well”可知，拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质6 题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意：这里有一个可能的进化解释A.solution解决方法；B.prediction预测；C.叩plication应用；D.explanation解释。

根据下文内容提示，可知此处是用人类的进化来作解释7 题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意：人类作为社会性生物进化而来，它们群体合作以获得食物并保护自己免受野生动物的伤害A.consume消费；B.serve服务；C.secure（尤指通过努力）获得；取得；D.purchase购买根据下文“protect themselves from wild animals”可知，此处指人类通过群体合作来获得食物8 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意：我们与朋友和家人的密切关系网更快乐，因为这提高了我们生存的机会A.fixed固定的；B.enormous巨大的；C.complicated复杂的；D.close亲近的；亲密的结合下文networkof friends and family because this improved our chances of survival.But closely socializing groups v 可知，这里指和朋友及家人之间的亲密关系，提高了我们的生存机会9 题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意：但是，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因此我们需要增加抗击这些疾病的基因的活性。

A.functions功能；B.infections传染病；C.activities活动；D.systems系统结合下文such as Hu and colds”可知，感冒和流感是传染病10题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析句意：然而，对于那些与社会隔绝的人来说，传染病并不是什么大问题，帮助他们从身体伤害中恢复过来的基因可能会被优先考虑，而不是那些对抗疾病的基因A.cutoff切断；B.taken over 掌管；C.picked out 挑选出；D.made up 编造结合上文 uclosely socializing groups are alsobreeding grounds for respiratory（呼吸的）9 such as flu and c o ld s 及下文 uinfectious disease was lessof a problem可知，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因而若要没有传染病得问题，就要切断和社会的联系第二节（共 10小题;每小题1.5分，共 15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

After earning a masters degree in 2016,Huang Wenxiu returned to Baise,her hometown,instead of seeking acareer in Be from 11 remote mountainous village.Quite a number of folks 12（struggle）with poverty there,so all I wish is to do my part to improve their lives J she once said.Huang volunteeredto join the grassroots poverty alleviation（扶贫）effort.She invited experts to tell the villagers 13 they couldimprove production.She persuaded the villagers to expand the planting area and encouraged e-commerce sales.418people from 88 households were lifted out of poverty thanks to her efforts.【答案】11 a 12.are struggling#have been struggling13.how【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了黄文绣(音译)回到自己的家乡百色，帮助家乡摆脱贫困的故事11题详解】考查冠词句意：我来自一个偏远的山村village“村庄”为可。