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小升初英语必考知识点易错题归纳.pdf

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    • 第 1 / 32 页 小升初英语必考知识点易错题归纳 一:学生易错词汇 1. a, an的选择 : 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a. 2. am , is , are的选择 : 单数用 is , 复数用 are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的选择 : 表示某人有某物单数用has , 复数用 have. I , you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的选择 : 表示某地有某物,某人单数用there is , 复数用 there are. 5. some, any 的选择 : 肯定句用 some, 疑问句和否定句用any. 6. 疑问词的选择 :what (什么 ) who ( 谁) where (哪里 ) whose (谁的) why (为什么) when(什么时候) which(哪一个) how old (多大) how many (多少) how much(多少钱) 二:形容词比较级详解 当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级比较级的句子结构通常是: 什么 + 动词 be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than (比) + 什么 , 如: I m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。

      An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以 e 结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine finer , 以辅音字母加y 结尾的,先改y 为 i 再加 er ,如 funny - funnier 双写最后的字母再加er ,如 big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter 注意比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西 典型错误: My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长 比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性 应该改为: My hair is longer than yours. 或 My hair is longer than your hair. 比较级专项练习: 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River? (2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm. 第 2 / 32 页 (3) How are your feet? I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish? Its 2kg. 二、根据句意写出所缺的单词 (1) I m 12 years old. Youre 14. Im than you. (2) A rabbits tail isthan a monkey s tail. (3) An elephant is than a pig. (4) A lake is than a sea. (5) A basketball is than a football. 三、根据中文完成句子. (1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁 . Im than my brother. (2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one. (3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he. (4) 谁比你重 ? than you? 四、根据答句写出问句 (1) Im 160 cm. (2) Im 12 years old. (4) Amy s hair is 30 cm long. 三:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有: 、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词要改y 为 i 再加 ed(此类动词较少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (注意 play 、stay 不是辅音字母加y, 所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped 、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式: sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt 第 3 / 32 页 四:动词现在分词详解, 动词的 ing 形式的构成规则: 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating 以 e 结尾的动词,要先去e 再加 ing ,如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人称和数 人称代词物主代词主格 宾格 第一人称单数 I (我) me my (我的) 复数 we(我们) us our(我们的) 第二人称单数 you (你) you your(你的) 复数 you (你们) you your(你们的) 第三人称单数 he (他) him his(他的) she (她) her her(她的) it(它) it its(它的) 复数 they (他们 / 她们/ 它们) them their(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的) 六:句型专项归类 1、 肯定句: 是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如: I m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、否定句: 含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I m not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not”。

      有动词be 的句子则“ not”加在 be 后面,可缩写成“ isn t ,arent ”,但am not 一般都分开写没有动词be 的句子则要先在主要动 词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did ),然后在它后面加上“ not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如 “dont , doesnt , didnt )这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般 第 4 / 32 页 现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did ”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用 “did ” 3、一般疑问句: 是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“ no”来回答 如: Are y ou a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.) Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont). Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt . 注意小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上, 把动词 be 调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。

      没有动词be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did )再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末 尾标点符号变成问号即可 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况, 而“did ”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did ” 一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是 问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的 4、特殊疑问句: 以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引 导的句子此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答如: What is this? Its a computer. What does he do? He s a doctor. Where are you going? Im going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer. When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this? Its Amys. Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you ? I m fine. / Im happy. How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train. 第 5 / 32 页 其中 how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少 ( 数量) ), how much(多少 ( 钱) ), how tall(多高) , how long(多长) , how big(多大) , how heavy(多重) 例句: How many pencils do you have? 。

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