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山东省青岛市中考英语 第二部分 专题语法 高效突破 专项5 介词课件.ppt

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    • 第二部分第二部分 专题语法专题语法 高效突破高效突破 专项专项 5 介词介词 高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点 1 表示时间的介词表示时间的介词1.at表示具体的时间点如:at six o’clock在六点;at half past four在四点半2.in(1)表示时间:与年、月、季节、世纪、早晨、下午或晚上等名词连用如:in 2012 在2012年;in September 在九月份;in the morning在上午2)in+时间段“……(时间)以后”,表示将来用how soon提问3.on表示具体某日或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上以及节日前如:on Sunday在星期天;on March 2nd在三月二号;on Tuesday afternoon在星期二下午;on a hot morning在一个炎热的早晨;on Children’s Day在儿童节 4.byby+时间点“在……以前,到……为止”如果跟将来的时间点,句子应用一般将来时;如果跟一个过去的时间点,句子应用过去完成时5.duringduring后可接特定的某一段时间,其长度明确,起止时间确定,即during+时间段,表示“在……期间”,常与一般过去时连用,表示某个期间的动作。

      6.untiluntil = till,意为“直到……(时候)”,后接时间点,常用于not...until...结构中,表示“直到……才……”7.before与afterbefore“在……之前”,after“在……之后”,常用于时间点前8.sincesince表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”,用于现在完成时,后可接过去的时间或一般过去时句子 考点考点 2 表示方位的介词表示方位的介词1.表示方位的in,on和toin表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围);on表示与某地的毗邻关系;to表示在某一地区之外(不属于该范围)如:①Fujian Province is in the south­east of China.福建省位于中国的东南部②China is to the west of Japan.中国在日本的西边2.over,above和on的用法(1)over有“正上方,越过,覆盖在上面”之意2)above指“在上方”,不一定表示正上方如:Raise your hands above your head.把你的手举过你的头3)on指“在上面”,表示两物体接触如:There is a cup on the table.桌子上有一个杯子。

      3.at,in和on的用法区别(1)at与较小的地点连用如:at the bus stop在公交车站,at home在家2)in与较大的地点连用如:in China在中国,in the world 在世界上3)on表示在一个平面上如:on the farm在农场4.in front of,in the front of 和 before(1)in front of表示“在……的前面(范围外)”如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树2)in the front of表示“在……的前部(范围内)”如:Put the shortest flowers in the front of the bunch.把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置3)before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同,表示“在……前面”如:He sits before me.他坐在我前面 5.below与underbelow表示“在……下方或位置低于……”,不一定有垂直在下之意;under表示“在……正下方”如:①The coat reaches below the knees.这件外套到了膝盖下面。

      ②There are many bikes under the trees.树下有许多自行车 考点考点 3 其他介词其他介词1.辨析 across与through2.辨析 between与among 用法用法例句例句across表示从物体的表面横跨过Go across the bridge,and you’ll get there.走过那座桥,你就可以到达那儿 through表示从物体的内部穿过The two friends walked through the forest.那两个朋友步行穿过了森林用法用法例句例句between 在(两者)之间You sit between him and me.你坐在他和我之间among在(三者以上)之间The song is popular among the students.这首歌曲在学生中间很受欢迎 3.辨析 except与besides4.by的用法①表示位置,意为“在……旁边”如:Some are drawing by the lake.有的人在湖边画画②表示时间,意为“到……为止,不迟于” 如:How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?到上学期为止你学了多少首歌曲? 用法用法例句例句except“除了……之外”,不包括在范围之内We all went swimming except Lucy.除了露西,我们都去游泳了。

      besides“除了……之外,还有”,包括在范围之内We study Japanese and French besides English.我们除了学习英语外还学习日语和法语 ③表示“经,由,乘”等如:Every day he goes to school by bus.他每天乘公共汽车去上学④用于被动语态结构中,意为“由,被” 如:The wallet was found by the boy last time.钱包上次是被那个男孩找到的⑤表示方式或手段,意为“用,借,通过”等如:I study English by reading a lot.我通过大量阅读来学英语5.for的用法①表示目的,意为“为了” 如:I want to go back for my pen.我想回去拿我的钢笔②表示用途,意为“适用于,适合” 如:This is a book for children.这是一本适合儿童阅读的书籍③表示动作的方向、目的地,意为“向,往” 如:This ship is for New York.这艘轮船驶往纽约 ④用在固定搭配中如:wait for等候;look for寻找;be late for迟到。

      ⑤后跟一段时间,表示“多久”如:I have studied in school for two years. 我已经在学校学习两年了6.with的用法①表示共同、伴随,意为“与……一起,和” 如:I often go fishing with my friends. 我经常和我朋友去钓鱼②表示“带有,附有”,反义词是without如:I don’t like coffee with milk.我不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡③表示手段、工具,意为“用” 如:I saw it with my eyes. 我亲眼看到的 考点考点 4 介词固定搭配介词固定搭配1.介词+名词in time及时    on time准时;按时by bus乘公交车  on foot步行with pleasure很乐意in trouble 处于困境中2.形容词+介词be afraid of 害怕;担心be worried about 对……感到担心be full of 充满;装满be late for 迟到be good at 擅长于be famous for 因……出名be angry with 对……生气be interested in 对……感兴趣 3.动词+介词talk about谈论   think about考虑think of想起 listen to听look after照顾 laugh at嘲笑get to到达 look for寻找wait for等待 ask for 请求pay for付钱 十年真题十年真题全练全练 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率高,用法多而复杂,一个介词有多种不同用法。

      一个相近的意思可以用不同的介词表示近10年青岛中考中介词是必考点,在单项选择和综合填空中多次考查了介词的用法,而且大都来源于课本原句或者改编,复习时不要脱离课本,切要记住各个介词和介词短语以及拓展的相关词组的构成和意义 10年中考表明,介词是必考点,并且经常在两个或三个题型中考查,固定搭配出题的频率最高,所以要加强这方面的练习,再者要注意介词的辨析 考点考点 1 表示时间的介词表示时间的介词1.[2016·青岛,6题]Tim is going to give his father a surprise __C__Father’s Day.A.in B.at C.on D.by考点考点 2 表示方式的介词表示方式的介词2.[2017·青岛,ⅢB,2题]The hotel is __behind__ (在……的后面) the police station.考点考点 3 其他介词其他介词3.[2017·青岛,3题]—Which is your new English teacher?—The young lady B red over there.A.with B.in C.on D.for 考点考点 4 介词固定搭配介词固定搭配4.[2009·青岛,30题]—What is your hobby?— A collecting balls,I also like different kinds of CDs.A.Besides B.Except C.Beside D.About5.[2016·青岛,ⅢB,3题]You must look at the traffic lights before you go across (穿过) the road.6.[2015·青岛,2题]Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students __B__common problems.A.in B.about C.with D.for7.[2015·青岛,18题]I’m going to graduate from my school soon,but I’ll B it forever.A.be friends with B.be thankful toC.keep away from D.fall in love with 8.[2014·青岛,15题]Everyone likes Lisa.She always speaks __D__ a ______ way.A.in;friend B.with;friendshipC.on;friends D.in;friendly9.[2013·青岛,5题] I’m A building a new zoo because I think zoos are terrible places for animals to live in.A.against B.on C.in D.for10.[2012·青岛,17题]Steve got over ten letters A his pen pals ______ their New Year’s resolutions last year.A.from;about B.to;ofC.hardly;of D.to;about11.[2010·青岛,27题]The students make model toys A old TVs and sell them to raise money for the children in the poor areas.A.out of B.into C.of D.from 12.[2008·青岛,19题]It’s very kind B them to pick me up at the railway station and drive me home.A.for B.to C.of D.with 猜押预测猜押预测1.Sleeping is a popular way to relax ______ students.A.on B.among C.about D.between2.I often go to the bookstore ______ Quancheng Road although it’s crowded.A.on B.for C.from D.between3.He did all this ______ silence,and very rapidly.A.at B.in C.with D.of4.______April 1,China announced that it would build the Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province.A.On B.In C.At D.To5.Look out!Look at the traffic lights ______ crossing the road.A.before B.after C.since D.untilBABAA 6.For many western people,they drink cold water even ______ winter.A.on B.for C.at D.in7.—Did you get WeChat Red (红包) ______ the Spring Festival?—Yes.It’s actually the most popular way of sending traditional holiday presents now.A.with B.for C.during D.after8.To my pleasure,my family is always _______ me whatever I decide to do.A.above B.behind C.from D.through9.The whole family were _______ agreement about what they should do next.A.about B.of C.in D. OnDCBC 10.— I’m thirsty.I’d like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Dad?—I prefer a cup of coffee ______ nothing in it.A.with B.without C.for D.to11.Your gloves should be made ______ leather,for they feel soft and smooth.A.in B.on C.for D.of12.A new shopping centre will be built _________(对面) the city hall.13.All my classmates went to the old people’s home _________ (除了) Eric because he was ill. ADoppositeexcept 。

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