人教英语八年级上册动词不定式讲解专项练习(附).docx

人教版英语八年级上册动词不定式解说,专项练习(附)初中英语学习资料madeofjingetieji初中英语语法（动词不定式）1．不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指平时由 to 加上动词原形 (如 to write) 所构成的一种非限制性动词形式，但在有些情况下 to 可以省略动词不定式有进行体和完成体 (如上 to be writing ，to have written)，也有被动向 (如 to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式助动词除 be 和 have 外， 没有不定式形式动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语2．不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．在上述情况下，若是不定式较长，显得有头无尾，则可由代词让作形式主语 (形式主语 it 不可以由 that 或 this 等其他代词代替 )，而将不定式放到后边。

如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time．不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，平时可以经过 for sb.to do sth. 结构表达：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review．2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词 (如 careless， clever，considerate，foolish ，good，impolite ，kind，naughty，nice，silly ，stupid 等)作表语时，不定式后可以加 of 来引导出其逻辑主语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．2)不定式作宾语to 的不定式， 另一种是 “及不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带物动词 +疑问词 +带 to 的不定式。

及物动词 +带 to 的不定式结构 :只能跟动词不定式的动词， 常有的有 : afford， agree，aim， appear，ask， believe，care，claim ，decide demand， desire， determine， expect， fail ， happen， hesitate，hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare，refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish 等1.He managed to solve the complicated problem. / 金戈铁骑2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.动词 +疑问代 (副)词+不定式：这类动词常有的有 advise， decide， find out ， forget， inquire， know， learn，see， regard 初中英语语法总结， remember， teach， tell ， understand， wonder 等。

常有的疑问代 (副)词有 : what， when， where， which， how， whether 等 1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有时，不定式可由 it 代替，而把不定式放到后边去这可以用这一结构表达：动词 (如 find ， think， consider， feel 等)+it+ 形容词 +不定式1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o ’ clock.3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式 (表示条件 )；表语也是不定式 (表示结果 )：1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to earn a living．另一种情况为主语是以 aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish 等名词为中心的短语，或以 what 引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：；比方：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future．2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price．3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience．4)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三各种类：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。

比方：1.There was really nothing to fear．2.He gave me an interesting book to read．若是不定式是不及物动词，后边就得加相应的介词比方：1.Mary needs a friend to play with．2.That girl has nothing to worry about．3.They have a strict teacher to listen to．4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on．第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；比方：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct．3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending．第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构 这类名词平时是表示企图、 努力、倾向、目的、梦想、is 算、能力、意向等意义的名词： ability ， attempt， effort ，impulse， inclination ，wish 等。

比方：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her．金戈铁骑2.I have no wish to quarrel with you．3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.5)不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语平时都能变换为限制性状语从句比方作原因状语：1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area．2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the ．area3.He was lucky to arrive before dark．4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark．作目的状语：1.She raised her voice to be heard better．2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better．3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam．4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam．作结果状语：1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians．2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians．3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone．4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone．不带 to 的不定式的使用动词不定式平时带 to，但在有些搭配中不带 to，在另一些搭配中可带 to 可不带to。

归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带 to 不定式：1) 在 can／ could， /may／ might，will ／would，shall／should，must， need，dare等神情动词此后，动词不定式不带 to2)在表示感觉意义的动词， 如 see初中英语语法总结， feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示 “致使 ”意义的动词，如 have，let，make 等后，动词不定式不带 to比方：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard．2.I must have him see his own mistakes．。