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图表写作指南.docx

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    • 本文格式为Word版,下载可任意编辑图表写作指南 图表作写作指南 表格(able)可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、对比表格常由标题(itle)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成 图作 图作又可分为三种:圆形图作、曲线图作和条状图作 (1) 圆形图作 圆形图(ie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图圆形图由于对比形象和直观,各部分空间大小区别简单辨别,所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系整个圆表示总量,楔形块表示分量有时圆形图还有数值表,两者结合可把各分量表示得更确切、明了例如:his is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. s can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. he next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure. (2) 曲线图作 曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。

      曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势一般来说,曲线所浮现的外形比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义曲线图有横轴和纵轴一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,然后再看纵轴所显示的意义同时务必找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化例如: 这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量从交通事故曲线图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39),此后一向呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点(16)可见,1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势 (3) 条形图作 条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图条形图由宽度一致但长度不同的条块代表不同的量当要对比几个工程或量时,常用不同颜色来区分条形图主要用来表示:1)同一工程在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同工程的量阅读条形图时,要先看图例,再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量,每一个刻度所代表的值是多少,结果找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系例如: 左边的条形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy),这一条形图想要表达的是同一工程(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。

      右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间,纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(Infant ortality),这一条形图想要表达的也是同一工程(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量左边的条形图说明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁,而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50% 图表作的篇章结构 写图表作时,常采用三段式的谋篇方式章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所透露的信息其次段分析造成这一问题或趋势的理由第三段则展望未来的状况或提出解决问题的方法或建议这一结构可以简单地表述为: 第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想 其次段:分析产生的理由 第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议 图表作常用的句型 (1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法) ① ccording to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that … 根据该表/图,我们可知 …… ② he table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that … 该表/图说明…… ③ s we can see from the table … s can be seen from the line/bar graph … s is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart … 如表/图所示,…… (2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 ① ompared with … is still increased by … ② he number of … grew/rose from … to … ③ n increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of … ④ In … the number remains the same/drops to … ⑤ here was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. ⑥ here was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year). s is shown in the graph… 如下图… he graph shows that… 图表显示… s can be seen from the table, … 从表格中可以看出… From the chart, we know that… 从这张表中,我们可知… ll these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即… he increase of …. in the city has reached to 20%. 这个城市的….增长已达到20%. In 1985, the number remained the same. 1985年,这个数字保持不变. here was a gradual decline in 1989. 1989年,出现了渐渐下降的状况. 1.有用的词 上升:increase、rise、 ascend 、core、 surge 、go up 、climb 、mount、 level up 下降: decrease、 fall 、drop、 descend、 decline 、reduce 、lessen、 level down平稳:stable 、steady、 remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate、 fluctuation、 rise and falls、 up and down 占:occupy、 take up、 account for、 gain 而:while、 however、r whereas、 on the other hand、 actually/in fact 相比:by contract、 on the contrary、 likewise、 compared with 最高点:the highest 、the top、 the summit 、the peak、 the most 最低点:bottom 、less 、least 、rock bottom 平均:mean、 average 趋势:tendency 、trend、 inclination 预见:prediction 达到顶峰: mount to 在***中占***:***gain the percentage of 有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen 1.表示理由(在描述过图表的数据后,需要对数据的表现做一下分析,可以用以下句型) 1)here are three reasons for this. 2)he reasons for this are as follows. 3)he reason for this is obvious. 4)he reason for this is not far to seek. 5)he reason for this is that... 6)e have good reason to believe that... 例如: here are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 2.表示处 1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us. 例如: Books are like friends.hey ca n help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.herefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us. 3.表示害处 1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmful to us. 例如: owever,everything dividesinto two.elevision can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion. 4.表示重要、必。

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