名词性从句总复习.doc

名词性从句总复习一、名词性从句的意义和种类在句中相当于一个名词作用的从句叫名词性从句由于名词通常在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，所以名词性从句也包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句合同位语从句二、引导名词性从句的关联词从属连词：that, whether, if （纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分）疑问代词: what, which, who/whom/whose（在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、定语等）疑问副词: when, where, why, how，whenever, wherever等（在从句中充当状语）复合关系代词：what, whoever, whomever, whosever，whichever (在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、定语等)另外，how + 形容词/副词 也可引导名词性从句，如how old, how long, how soon, how far, how fast, how often等, which / what + 名次也可引导名词从句三、关联词的选用1、从句中有何疑问就用相应的疑问词引导从句 e.g. _where he lives. (她在那儿住) what she is. (她是干什么的) I don’t know how old she is. (她多大年纪) why she hasn’t come yet.(她为什么还没来) who she is looking for.(她在找谁) whether she will come tomorrow.(她明天会不会来) 2、从句中无任何疑问时用that引导从句。

e.g. She promised that she would buy me a present for my birthday. She said that she didn’t know the news.3、从句中若含有“… …的东西，… …的事情，……的话; ……的”等则需用what引导从句e.g. 1)我收回我说的话 I take back what I said. 2）我在那里看见的与我听到的情况大不一样 What I saw there was quite different from what I had heard. 最使我吃惊的是他赢得了一等奖What surprised me most was that he won the first prize . (what 作从句主语) 4、一个从句只能用一个引导词找出下列从句中多余的引导词：1）That whether you’ll succeed depends on how hard you work..2) She asked me that why I was absent from class yesterday.3) The giant made a promise that if anybody could set him free from the kettle he would make him king of the earth. 5、no matter + 疑问词 不能引导名词性从句，只能引导让步状语从句。

No matter who breaks the law must be punished. (错) Whoever (=Anyone who) breaks the law must be punished. (对) Her father loves her so much that he always gives her whatever she wants. (对) Her father loves her so much that he always gives her no matter what she wants. (错) Yao Ming is warmly welcomed wherever he goes. (对) Yao Ming is warmly welcomed no matter where he goes. (对)四、须注意的几点1. if 不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2. 主语是 reason 的表语从句要用 that 引导，而不用 because e.g. The reason why he was absent is that he missed his flight.3．动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。

Do you doubt that he will win ? 你难道怀疑他将取胜 ? I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong . 我相信你的建议是错的He doubt whether I know it . 他怀疑我知道了此事4．在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that不可以省略在宾语从句中的that可以省略 以下句子中，可省略that的有（ ） 1）It is certain that he will succeed. 2）My problem is that I am short of money. 3）They believe that he has left the city. 4）I am glad that you passed the exam.但是，并列的第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略例如： 5）She said (that) Mr Black was a strict but kind teacher and that they all loved and respected him.(第二个that 不能省略) 5．主语从句常可用It is…that句型改写。

其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句才是真正的主语 That the earth is round is true.= It's ture that the earth is round.6．无论名词性从句中有何疑问，它的语序永远为陈述语序Do you know when he will come back ? 知道他何时回来吗 ?7．正确掌握名词性从句谓语动词的时态这是学习和掌握名词性从句的难题之一，在名词性从句中重点是宾语从句谓语动词的时态A. 若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用它所需要的任何状态Will you tell me how you learned English well ? 告诉我你怎么学好英语的，好吗 ? I think he'll be back in an hour . 我想一小时后他会来的B. 若主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的动词须用过去的相应时态I thought they were having lessons . 我想他们正在上课She said she had done her homework . 她说她已做完了作业。

Mary said she would help me with my English . 玛丽说她将帮我学英语C. 宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时The teacher told us light travels faster than sound . 老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快8. 否定转移问题在主句为第一人称主语后跟 think , believe , suppose , expect , guess , imagine 等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中We don't expect he will come tonight, will he ?9. 名词性从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数但是如果有两个或两个以上的主语从句并列做主语，则位于用复数When you will go to pick the apples hasn't been decided.。