定语从句易错易混点训练加解析.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑定语从句易错易混点训练加解析 定语从句七大盲点 定语从句作为各省高考英语历年必考语法工程，近年来其测验形式日趋生动、别致、多变，往往让考生感觉无从下手或措手不及根据笔者的教学阅历，对于定语从句，考生往往存在以下七大盲点 盲点1 先行词为地点，关系词不确定用where 【例题1】Is this the factory he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 【例题2】Is this the factory you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 【例题3】Is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 破解： 对于以上三题，同学们假设稍一疏忽，不留心分析句子布局，弄清关系词的功能，很有可能全选B。

我建议大家解此类题时分两步走一一“瞻前”、“顾后”所谓“瞻前”，即确定先行词；所谓“顾后”，即判断代替先行词的关系词在后面的定语从句中充当何种成分诚然，以上三题先行词factory是表地点的名词，但是代替它的关系词在后面定语从句中充当的成分却不一样我们将其恢复到从句中可以看到，在第一句中它搭配介词in充当地点状语，即“he worked in the factory ten years ago.”所以关系词选where毋容置疑在其次句中它充当visit的宾语，即“you visit the factory the other day.”所以关系词只能选that在第三句中，主句缺表语，将题干恢复为陈述句可得“this factory is some foreign friends visited last Friday”. 我们需要先把主句补充完整才便于考虑后面的定语从句，因而此处填入的词既要能充当主句的表语，还要能在从句中作visit 的宾语，只有D项“the one”符合但要留神：“the one”不是关系词，是先行词，作定语从句先行词时，关系词that可以省略。

【小结】定语从句关系词的选择，不仅仅要看先行词是人物/时间/地点/理由，而且还要重点关注它在定语从句中充当的成分 盲点2 先行词若是被抽象成地点的名词，关系词应考虑用where 【例题4】一What do you think of teaching, Bob? 一I find it fun and challenging . It is a job you are doing something serious but interesting. （2022北京卷） A. where B. which C. when D. that 破解： 此题要先判断测验的是否是定语从句由于空格后面的句子不缺成分，且主句表语不是介词短语，不能作后一句的状语，而去掉“it is a job”后，整个句子意义还不完整，所以不会是强调句摈弃D后，确认此句是定语从句先行词是“a job”，带入定语从句中恢复后为“you are doing something serious but interesting in the job”.所以关系词应为where,相当于“in which”。

【例题5】It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.（2022福建卷） A. that B. when C. which D. where 破解： 这里的先行词是“a situation”，带入定语从句中恢复后为“they can see themselves differently in the situation”,所以关系词应为where,相当于“in which”类似的例题大家还可以参考2022年重庆卷的第34题和2022年浙江卷的第14题 【小结】定语从句中常见的轻易被抽象成地点名词功能的先行词有“the case”，“the situation”, “ the point”, “the job”, “ the race”等 盲点3 先行词和关系词被分割开，应先找准先行词 【例题6】She’ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before. （2022四川卷） A. that B. which C. where D. when 破解： 好多考生之所以误选C是由于把先行词看成了there,殊不知定语从句的定义为：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，修饰的主体确定要是名词或者是代词，而there却是个副词，真正的先行词实际上是“her stay”. Stay作名词时可表示“逗留期间”，恢复到后面的定语从句中为“she found her son who had gone missing during her stay two years before”, 在从句中充当时间状语，所以答案选D ,相当于“during which time”. 【例题7】Because of the financial crisis, day are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (2022江苏卷) A. if B. when C. which D. since 破解： 这里真正的先行词是days,只不过谓语动词“are gone”将它和定语从句给隔开了。

Days在后面的定语从句中搭配介词during充当时间状语，恢复后即：“local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night during those days.”所以答案选B 【例题8】I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(2022浙江卷) A. which B. where C. how D. why 破解： 这里真正的先行词是“a point”,只不过已经被介词短语“in my life”和定语从句给隔开了，它在后面定语从句中搭配介词in充当时间状语，意为“关头、时候”，即“I am supposed to make decisions of my own in that point.” 所以选B. 【小结】整个高中阶段定语从句中先行词和关系词被隔开一般分为三种处境：1.被副词分隔开（例题6）；2. 被谓语动词分隔开（例题7）； 3.被介词短语分隔开（例题8）。

盲点4 定语从句和强调句型的识别 【例题9】 一Where did you get to know her? 一It was on the farm we worked.（2022山东卷） A. that B. there C. which D. where 破解： 这道题好多考生误选A项，由于他牢牢记住了强调句型的经典布局“it is+被强调的片面 + 从句”殊不知，此题中，“that + 从句”已被省略，正确答案为whereit was on the farm where we worked”中的“where we worked”是定语从句，修饰“the farm”,被省略的片面为“that I got to know her”, 即完整的答句应为：“it was on the farm we worked( that I got to know her).” 【小结】强调句型中的“it be---that”实际上并没有什么更加的含义，去掉这个片面，句意还完整无缺，那就是强调句。

在此，有同学断定有疑问，认为上题假设选that的话，“it was on the farm that we worked.”去掉“it was”和that后，变为“we worked on the farm”也说得通但大家不要忘了这是个答句，不仅本身要说得通，还要和问句“where did you get to know her?”相匹配由此可见，解题时确定要明晰主次，读懂题干 盲点5 定语从句和what引导的名词性从句的区分 【例题10】 The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21 century. (2022北京卷) st A. which B. that C. what D. who 破解： 此句中我们察觉主句“The companies are working together to create ”中缺宾语，而后面的“ will be the best means of transport in the 21 century”缺主语（“they hope”作插入语）。

四个选项中，由于只有what在引导名词性从句时，指物，等同于“the things that”,既可在从句中作成分，又可引导从句作主句的宾语，所以选C. 【小结】定语从句和what引导的名词性从句最大的区别在于：定语从句的主句断定是完整的，而包含what引导的名词性从句的复合句，主句和从句断定缺少主语/宾语/表语这样的成分只要留心分析句子成分，就很轻易区分这两类从句 盲点6 定语从句和同位语从句的区分 【例题11】 st There is a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is一not ever. (2022上海卷) A. that B. which C. of which D. what 破解： 此句中我们察觉前面的“There。