2020考研英语-翻译试题精读(一).docx

2020考研英语-翻译试题精读(一)考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:翻译试题精读(一)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语:翻译试题精读(一)科学与技术The meanings of “science”and “technology”have changed significantly from one generation to another. More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms, (46)Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. (47)Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists but throughout history the practitioners of “pure”science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions.(48) Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations.In recent years a sharp value distinction has their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. (49) For these people , science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control.(50) Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.答案46.科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程，两者都涉及到物质世界的因果关系，两者都运用了一套实验的方法论，这种方法论所产生的是能够通过重复得以验证的经验性的实证结果。

47.至少在理论上，科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性，而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法则但是在实践中，科学与技术却相互关联，无法割裂48.人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念，因此，对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步，纯理论的研究是不可少的，当然，这种观念其实是个神话49.对于这些人来说，科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永恒法则的出发点，而如今在他们看来，现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制50.许多科学史家认为，技术不仅是先进的工业文明不可少的条件，而且在最近的几个世纪里，技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头总体分析本文介绍了科学和技术之间的关系以及对人类的影响第一段：科学和技术之间的相似性要大于差异性，它们之间的相互影响反映在各个行业的发展中第二段：技术的发展不依赖科学的发展，两者之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐而且，现在很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心第三段：技术的发展既有创造性也有毁灭性试题精解46.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句、抽象名词本句是由and连接的三个并列句，都以both开头第三个分句的主干是：both employ an experimental methodology，宾语methodology后接有一个that引导的定语从句做定语，该定语从句中又嵌套了一个that引导的定语从句(demonstrations)can be verified by repetition。

由于有嵌套式定语从句，因此需要采用拆译法，从第一个that开始单独成句词汇方面：imply意为“暗示，意味然包含”be concerned with意为“与……有关，涉及关注，感兴趣”empirical意为“以实验(或经验)为根据的，经验主义的”demonstration意为“证明，论证，说明，证实”，由于它是抽象名词，可按照汉语习惯，采用加译法，译成“论证的结果”verify意为“检验，查证，核实”47.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：比较结构本句是由but连接的并列句前一分句中含有比较结构：is less concerned with …and more concerned with …，可译为“较少地关心……而更多地关注于”主谓之间的插入语at least in theory做状语翻译时可提前词汇方面：practicality意为“实用性”inextricably意为“逃不掉地，解决不了地，解不开地”be involved with sb./sth.意为“与……关系密切”48.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句、增译法句子的主干是the concept … is a myth。

主语后接有由that引导的两个并列的同位语从句由于主语后修饰成分较长，因此采用拆译法单独成句并且先译从句，后译主句，用复指代词“这种观念”来连接主句和从句的内容第二个同位语从句中therefore说明的是两个从句间的因果关系，翻译时要提前到第二个从句前词汇方面：pure research直译为“纯研究”，不是汉语习惯表达，应采用增译法，译为“纯理论的研究”myth可意为“神话，杜撰出来的人或物，(没有事实根据的)虚构信念(或观点、理论)”，根据上下文选择其“没有事实根据的观点”的含义49.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：后置定语、状语该句子是由whereas(然而，但是)连接的并列句前一分句的主干是science may be perceived as a … source，后面接for understanding …介词结构做后置定语，翻译时应提前后一分句的主干是manifestations now seem to be out of control，其中做时间和地点状语的介词短语in the modern world和now可提前翻译词汇方面：perceive sth. as sth.意为“视为，认为，理解为”source意为“来源，根源，源头”，根据上下文译为“出发点”manifestation意为“显示，表明，表示”，根据上下文译为“(技术的)运用”。

50.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句主句是Many historians of science argue，后面not only … but also连接了两个并列的宾语从句词汇方面：momentum意为“推动力，势头”全文翻译“科学”和“技术”的含义一代一代发生了深刻的变化然而，这两个术语之间的相似之处要多于其不同之处科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程，两者都涉及物质世界的因果关系，两。