24年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇讲评课件及教学思考-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第,三级,第,四级,第,五级,2024,年,高考英语,新课标卷,D,篇,导语：,随着科技进步，研究人员和,公民科学家,通过照片、视频等数字记录方式,生物多样性数据采集,然而，斯坦福大学的一项,新研究发现,，这些观察,数据存在偏差,，其主要集中在某些地区和物种上该研究表明，,尽管,这些,数据不完美,，但,通过,指导用户前往未采样区域以及由专家确认图片，,可以提高数据质量,D篇,主题语境：人与自然现代生物采样数据的科学性,语篇类型：说明文,词,数：354+102,难,度：,难,文章来源,:,节选自,斯坦福大学网站,2023年5月1日名为Comparison,of specimens and field observations reveals biases in,biodiversity data 的文章,ht,t,ps:/,/,news.stanford.edu/stories/2023/05/,s,tudy-examines-biases-coverage-gaps-biodiversity-data,citizen scientists,公民科学家,（指那些在科学研究中参与数据收集、分析和解决问题的普通民众，他们通常没有正式的科学背景或训练）,records of biodiversity,生物多样性数据采集,通过各种方法和技术手段，收集有关生物多样性的信息，包括物种的种类、数量、分布、生存状况、生态功能等。

常见方法和工具有：实地考察、远程监控技术、公众科学项目、环境DNA技术、生态信息系统、机器学习和人工智能、生物多样性观测网络等,通过这些方法能有效地收集数据，为生物保护、管理、环境政策制定等提供科学依据同时，这些数据也是全球生物多样性监测框架（GBIF）等国际生物多样性数据平台的重要组成部分背景知识,扩大阅读量和知识面：,英文原版科技文跨学科知识,层次性,梯度性,D,【1】,In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.,【2】,“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本),and since we are increasingly using,observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?”,【3】,Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.,【4】,“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”said Daru.,【5】,Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.,【6】,What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?,【7】,“Quite a lot,”Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places and even species that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”,文章易读性分析：,参考http/,类别,量化指标,对应等级,词汇难度,5.03,五级,(CET-4),句法难度,4.97,四级,(,高考,),文本难度,5.00,五级,(CET-4),类别,量化指标,对应等级,词汇难度,5.02,五级,(CET-4),句法难度,7.00,七级,(,考研,),文本难度,5.05,五级,(CET-4),文章易读性对比：,参考http/, the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has,found that this type of record is not perfect.,【2】,“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本),and since we are increasingly using,observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?”,【3】,Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.,【4】,“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”said Daru.,【5】,Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive。