全国高校体育单招英语重点语法讲解-定语从句（含例题详解）.docx

定语从句一、定语从句的基本概念及用法1. 定语从句及先行词在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的句子称为定语从句被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词定语从句必须放在先行词之后定语从句先行词例：The students who are playing football are from Japan2.关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致关系代词是代替先行词含义的词，当先行词为复数时，从句谓语动词要用复数形式; 当先行词为单数时，从句谓语动词用单数形式例：Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m. He who doesn’t reach the great wall is not a true man.3.引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词a.关系代词：which , that, who, whom和whose在从句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语关系副词被代替的先行词在从句中的作用that表示人或物的名词主语、宾语which表示物的名词主语、宾语who表示人的名词主语、宾语whom表示人的名词宾语whose表示人或物的名词定语例1：In fact, the Swede didn’t understand the three questions which/that were asked in French.例2. The girl _____________is wearing a blue dress is my sister.A. whom B. which C. who D. what【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：穿一条蓝色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐whom先行词是人，定语从句中作宾语；which先行词是物，定语从句中作主语或宾语；who先行词是人，定语从句中作主语或宾语分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是The girl指人，引导词在从句中作主语例3.—What are they talking about?—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.A. which B. who C. that D. where【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句句意：—他们在谈论什么？—他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物，且在从句中作主语，排除B；先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that，排除A。

故选C例4. Is this the museum ________ you visited last year?A. who B. that C. whom D. in which 【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句句意：这是去年你参观过的博物馆么？who替代人，从句中做主语或者宾语；that替代人或物，从句中做主语或者宾语；whom替代人，从句中做宾语；in which是介词加上关系代词which的用法museum是先行词，表达的是物，从句“you visited last year”缺宾语，用which或者that来替代物并在从句中作宾语例5. She is talking about the school and teachers _______________ we visited last month.A. who B. which C. where D. that【答案】D【解析】句意：她正在谈论关于我们上个月参观的那个学校和那里的老师who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语或宾语；where引导定语从句，修饰地点名词，作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰人或事物，作主语或宾语。

根据the school and teachers可知此处既修饰人，又修饰事物，故用that引导定语从句，故选D例6. I’ve become good friends with several of the students _________ I met in the English speech contest last yearA. whom B. whose C. which D. where【答案】A【解析】句意：我已经和我们学校几个学生成好朋友了，他们是我去年英语演讲比赛时遇见的根据句意可知，这是定语从句，in my school是介词短语作定语修饰the students, 所以先行词是students, 是人，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，结合选项，故选A例7.—Do you know the little boy _______________ is helping the old man cross the road?—No. But how nice he is!A. which B. who C.whom D. \【答案】 B【解析】句意：—你认识帮助老人过马路的那个小男孩吗？—不，但他是多么的好呀！先行词the little boy在定语从句中作主语，可以用关系代词who代替，故选B。

例8. The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.A. which B. whose C. that D. who【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句句意：封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的which引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语；whose引导定语从句，作定语；that引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语此处修饰名词cover用whoseb.关系副词：when, where, why. 在从句中做状语关系副词被代替的先行词在从句中的作用when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语例9：He returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.例10. I can’t remember the place _______________ I lived many years ago.A. that B. which C. where D. ／【答案】C【解析】句意：我记不起许多年前我住的地方了。

the place后跟的是一个定语从句，先行词是the place，指地点，在定语从句中作状语从句，故用where作关系词例11. We are living in an age _________ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 【答案】D【解析】由于从句_________ many things are done on computer完整，排除关系代词AB，又由于先行词an age表时间，所以用关系副词when二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 先行词指人时的定语从句who做主语，whom做宾语，在非正式文体中也可用who做宾语当先行词为指“人”的名词时，也可用that代替who, whom在从句中作主语或宾语例1：Here’s the fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.Do you know the woman whom we met at the gate?例2. Dr Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer ________ has made a lot of contributions (贡献) in the field of medical science. A. which B. thatC. whose D. what 【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：钟南山医生是一位在医学领域做出了重大贡献的先驱which引导定语从句时，先行词为物，在句中作主语、宾语、表语；that引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人，在句中作主语；whose引导定语从句时，先行词为人或物，在句中作定语；what不能引导定语从句由“Dr Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer…has made a lot of…”可知，本句为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词pioneer指人，故应用who引导定语从句2. 先行词指“物”时，用which不用that的两种情况①引导非限制性定语从句时(指定语从句与先行词之间有逗号)例：She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.②当从句中有介词提前时，只用which，不能用that 例：This is a house in which Luxun once lived.例3. She heard a terrible noise, ______________ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that【答案】B【解析】句意：她听到了一个大的噪音，使她张大了嘴巴。

本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前一整句话，且有逗号隔开，故选B3. whose既可指人又可指物一般位于名词之前，在从句中作定语用whose指物时可用of which代替 例：This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.This is the house whose window was broken last night.例4. I like teachers________ classes are interesting and creative.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句句意：我喜欢上课有趣和有创意的老师which的先行词是物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；who的先行词是人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom的先行词是人，在定语从句中做宾语；whos。