高考阅读新题型-7选5做题技巧解析 刘敏 钱秀惠.doc

1高考阅读新题型--七选五之破解方案临沂一中 刘敏 钱秀惠2015 年山东省高考将采用新课标卷，这就意味着学生即将遇到一种新的题型——"七选五"阅读理解题不少学生感到无从下手，因而失分严重其实，只要明白了这种新题型的考查要点，出题位置，在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解，掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构，对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力是非常有帮助的一、题型解读高考英语《考试说明》对该题型命题目的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握” 全国卷中“七选五”型阅读理解题的试题模式为：给出一篇240—340 词的文章，文中留有 5 处空白，文章后对应有 7 个选项，其中 2 个为干扰项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处这一题型不同于常规阅读题型的考查形式，它对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求——在保证阅读速度、了解所读文章的主旨要义的同时，更要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，并且能够通过全面把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次，根据选项的关键词来获取关键信息，只有这样，才能准确地定位答案二、命题规律与趋势七选五阅读填空不仅要求我们对所读短文的主旨要义、具体信息有所了解，更要能够把握全篇文脉和作者的谋篇思路。

纵观近五年新课标Ⅰ的七选五选材，一般多为说明文，也有议论文和记叙文，话题贴近考生，贴近生活，同时又有较强逻辑性，结构严谨，层次分明正文与选项累计词数在 300—350短文不会少于三个自然段，不会在同一个自然段设两个以上的空白所留空白处一般是段落主题句、段落总结句、承上启下句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等预计 2015 年的“七选五”也仍将保持这一特点三、七选五的解题步骤1、快速阅读全文的首尾段、每段的首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等，目的是获取文章的主旨要义，把握作者的思路2、边读边做题，重点阅读每个空白处前后的句子，划出关键词（关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组，专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等） ，然后从选项中寻找相关的线索词，以确定答案做题时可以采用代入排除法如果某处空白拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易题，直到读完整篇文章这样，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系已基本清楚了3、比较并匹配关键词，确定答案4、将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。

四、七选五的解题技巧七选五主要考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力、上下文的逻辑关系判断能力等，因此，做此题只要遵循正确的做题步骤，掌握一定的技巧， 考生可以从两个方面进行解题：（一）篇章结构类题解题技巧拿到一篇七选五的文章，首先，快速浏览空白项所处的位置，对比选项的特点，划出关键词七选五”阅读备选项可分为三类：主题句、过渡句、注释句在阅读备选项时默记这些选项的内容，以备选择时根据文章内容快速做出正确选择1、如果空格在段首或为段落标题a) 段落主题句认真阅读后文内容，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题例： 73 When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening 2and asking for clarification. (2010 年 全国卷)A. Show your true interest.B. Restate the question with respect.C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.D. There were many difficult questions.E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.F. You many also ask for clarification on the question.G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.【例题分析】本题为标题项。

从下文的细节中可以出"对别人的提问要表现出兴趣"，所以选 A项b) 段落间的过渡句这时要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来2、如果空格在段尾a) 通常是结论、概括性语句空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词，并注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如 therefore, as a result, thus, so 等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句，如：例：Go for a walkMildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74 . (2011 年 辽宁卷)A. Focus on the future.B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.C. It should be something like learning gardening.D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.E. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.【例题分析】根据空格前一段话的意思：稍微有点高的葡萄糖会伤害你大脑中帮你形成记忆的区域，体力活动有助于使血糖降到正常水平。

实际上，锻炼能产生对你大脑有好处的化学物根据以上描述可以判断 G 项“也就是说，当你照顾好了你的身体，你也就是照顾好了你的大脑 ”属于由前段得出的结论，符合题意所以选 G3、如果空格在段落中间利用句子间的连接性词语弄清空白处与前后句之间的关系，从逻辑意义上来看，句子之间的关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系理清句子间的关系，有助于做出准确的选择常用的连接性词语有以下几种：1、承接关系，如 so, therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result 等；2、并列关系，如 first, second, third…； for one thing, for another…； to begin with, to conclude 等；3、转折关系，如 however, still, though, yet, in spite of, otherwise, nevertheless等） ；4、层递关系，如 also, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, not only...but also...等） 。

例：Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 71 . Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your 3study time and helps you to hold your interest. (2008 年 宁夏海南卷)A. Use words, not complete sentences.B. There are three practical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on separate paper.D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.【例题分析】读完本段不难发现， “second…third…”是对第一句话的进一步阐述，那么后三句之间就是并列关系，因而此处应该填“first”引出的句子，故选 G。

例：Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to “trusted adult, such as parents or other relatives. 72 . They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. (2012 年 全国卷)A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.C. Different people feel stress in different ways.D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And don't forget about your friends.G. Then, find a way to calm down.【例题分析】从前文 parents 和 relatives 可以推知与之并列的 friends，故选 F.（二）细节类题型解题技巧所谓细节题型，。