2019届高考英语语法精品学案：专题3 代词

1、 代词可以使语句简洁、干脆利落，因此也是高考的一个重要考点。代词多出现在单项填空和阅读理解中。从近几年的高考题来看，代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。命题点：(1)不同代词的语义功能和语法功能；(2)不同代词之间的意义区别。 一、代词的基本用法 类别 词义 例句 备注 人称代词 主格：I/we/you/he /she/it/they宾格：me/us/you /him/her it/them Who is there？ Its me. Does any of you know where Tom lives？Me. 作表语习惯用宾格，在电话用语中常用宾格。当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子时，一般使用宾格。 类别 词义 例句 备注 物主代词 形容词性物主代词：my/our/her/his /their名词性物主代词：mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs This book is hers(her book). a friend of mine 形容词性物主代词作定语；名词性物主代词作主语、宾语、表语 类别 词义 例句 备注 反身 代词 一般用来作主语

2、和宾语的同位语，表示强调；也可用作动词或介词的宾语；有时也可作表语。 Im not myself today.help oneself (to sth.)，enjoy oneself， make oneself understood， by oneself，for oneself 类别 词义 例句 备注 指示 代词 this，these 是近指；that，those是远指 this可指代下文要讲的事；that 可指代上文提到过的事 this, that有时还可用作副词表示程度，相当于so He got up late. Thats why he was late. I cant jump that high. 类别 词义 例句 备注 相互 代词 each other用于两者或两者以上；one another 用于三者或三者以上 How are you getting on with each other？ 在现代英语中它们可通用 不定代词 all/both；either/neither；none/no one；another/the other；some/any；one/someone

3、；anybody；everything；nothing 二、代词辨析1some与any(1)some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；any一般用于否定、疑问句或条件句中，但当any强调“任何一”时，用于肯定句中。something，somebody，someone的用法同some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同any。如：Would you like to give me some if you have any?Yes, Id love to. You can come and get them any day you like. (2)some “某一”，修饰可数名词单数，暗含不知道，不便说明等。如：There must be some job you can do. 2none, nobody, no one与nothingnone既可指人又可指物，表示特指概念，其后可跟of所引导的一个范围，常回答how many和how much引导的疑问句；no one和nobody只能指人，表示泛指概念，常回答who引导的疑

4、问句，且不可与of短语搭配，nothing只能指物，表示泛指概念，常回答what引导的疑问句。如：Who is in the reading room？ No one/ Nobody. How much petrol is left？ None. Whats in your hand？ Nothing. 3another与otheranother指三者或三者以上当中的另一个；the other指两者当中的另一个，也可接名词复数，特指其他某些人或物；other意思是“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指其他的人或东西，相当于other名词复数；the others特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other名词复数。4.两者 三者(或以上) 例句 both或 either all, any或every They were all very tired，but none of them would stop for a break. Do you want tea or coffee？ Either. I really dont mind. When can I

5、 come for the book？Any day you like next week. 两者三者(或以上) 例句部分否定Not both Both not Not all Allnot Not everyeverynot “Everything is not right” doesnt equal “Nothing is right” Not all of them like English. Just some do. 全部否定Neithernot either None Notany/ano Which of the two films would you like to see？ Im interested in neither. Not one of them were hurt. None of them were hurt. 5.one/that/those/it 代词 功能 例句 oneone：单数，ones：复数，泛指前面提及的人或物。one之前有形容词修饰时可以与不定冠词、定冠词、基数词、物主代词或名词所有格连用。 A bridge built of stone

6、s is stronger than one built of wood. I dont like this green apple. Please give me a red one/the red one on the table. The girls in our class are more active than those in your class. The population of China is larger than that of America. Our rules are quite different from those of other organizations. I left my pen on the desk. But now it is gone. That/thosethat、those后置定语，特指替代同类中的人或物(that一般不指人)。不可数名词只能用that it代替前文出现的同一事物，即指同类同物 三、it的几大考点1it 用作形式主语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正

7、的主语放在句子末尾。it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式：(1)用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。如：It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。(2)当系表结构后接有if 或when引导的状语从句时，通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。如：It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他那样做使我很吃惊。(3)用于if it were not for/ if it hadnt been for(若不是因为)结构中。如：If it hadnt been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风，他们就能及时赶到伤员身边了。2it 用作形式宾语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，常在宾语补足语前使

8、用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。 it用作形式宾语的两类特殊句式：(1)动词itif / when从句。当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时，此时需要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如：I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。(2)动词介词itthat从句。能用于此句型的主要动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for, see to等。如：Ill see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。3it 在强调句中的用法。如：It was lack of money, not of efforts, that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫，原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？ 4it 在习语中的用法。包括it的习语很多，如：make it 成功，到达take it easy 别着急，放心好了believe it or not信不信由你forget it没关系；别在意；算了吧Thats it. (口语)完了；没有了(表示某个情况已经结束)；做得对。when it comes to sth.说到，涉及5与it 有关的几个时间状语从句。Itis/has been一段时间since从句Its ages since we last met.自从我们上次见面到现在有很多年了。Itwas/will be一段时间before从句(从句用一般过去时或一般现在时)It was not long before he left Nanjing.Itwas时间点when从句(从句谓语用一般过去时)It was eight oclock when we arrived. 我们到达时是八点。 1Th

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