人教选修第三册unit1 Art第一单元艺术课文中英文翻译

1、人教选修第三册unit1 Art第一单元艺术Reading and ThinkingA short History of western painting西方绘画简史What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.什么是西方艺术？很难给出准确的定义。由于西方艺术风格千差万别，不可能用一个简短的文字来描述它们。也许了解西方艺术最好的方法就是看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th cent

2、ury)中世纪（从5世纪到15世纪）During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教人们基督教。Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began the change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real, people in a r

3、eal environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.因此，艺术家们对画真实的场景不感兴趣。他们的作品往往是原始和二维的，主要人物往往比其他人要大得多，以显示他们的重要性。这一变化始于13世纪的乔托迪邦多内（1267-1337）。虽然他的画仍然有宗教主题，但他们展示了真实环境中真实的人。尤其是他的绘画，以其逼真的人脸和深刻的情感影响，与其他绘画不同。The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)文艺复兴（从14世纪到17世纪）New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to

4、adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1 428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475- 1564), and Raphael (1483-1 520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.从中世纪开始，新的观念和价值观逐渐取代旧的观念和价值观。因此，画家们较少关注宗教主题。他们开始对生活采取更加人性化的态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔（1401-1428）使用透视法。达芬奇（1452-1519）、米开朗基罗（1475-1564）和拉斐尔（1483-1520）等有影响

5、力的画家在乔托和马萨乔创新的基础上创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的艺术作品。Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colors and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil另一项创新是使用油画颜料。由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义，一些最好的油画看起来像照片。而早在达芬奇时期，画家就使用了油画this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669)，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.这项技术在伦勃朗（1606-1669）那里达到了顶峰，他获得了阴影和光的大师的声誉。In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from relig

6、ious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.在题材上，重点越来越从宗教主题转向人和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和上层人士都想购买自己和他们所爱的人的准确照片。另一些人则想画一些重要的历史事件或神话故事。最后，大多数客户都希望看到漂亮有趣的画。Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)印象派（19世纪末20世纪初）The

7、 development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840- 1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene- the subjective im

8、pression the scene gave him- but not a detailed record of the scene itself.直到19世纪中叶摄影术的发明，西方艺术的发展才开始放缓。在那之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人和世界的样子。因此，画家们不得不寻找一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由此，印象主义在法国兴起。这个新运动的名字来自克劳德莫奈（1840-1926）的一幅名为印象，日出的画作。在这部作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光线和运动场景给他的主观印象而不是场景本身的详细记录。While many impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life. others, such as Renoir (1841-T919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black and-white photographs of that time period, Renoirs paintings are full of light, shadow, color, and life.

9、 He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.而许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景。其他人，如雷诺阿（1841-T919），关注的是人。与那一时期冰冷的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的绘画充满了光、影、色和生命。他不仅要表现出被摄对象的外在形象，还要表现出被摄对象内心的温暖和人性。Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)现代艺术（从20世纪到今天）After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, What do we do next? Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyze the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality. But instead to ask the question, What is art?印象主义之后，后来的艺术家开始问：“我们下一步要做什么？”像毕加索（1881-1973）这样的画家试图用立体主义的新方法分析自然界中存在的形状。其他人给他们的画一个现实的，但梦幻般的质量。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实。而是问一个问题，“什么是艺术？”

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