统计与品管BasicStatistics&UseofMinitab英文
35页1、BasicStatistics UseofMinitab BeltonGroupRexWong 2 Statistics Statisticsisthebranchofsciencethatdealswiththecollection presentation analysis interpretationofdataforthepurposeofdecision makingandproblem solving Statisticsisacriticalskillinqualityimprovementasstatisticaltechniquescanbeusedtodescribeandtounderstandvariability 3 Variability Variabilityistheresultofchangesintheconditionsunderwhichobservationsaremade Variabilitycancomeaboutduetochangesinmaterialqualitymachinesettingsorconditionsmanpowe
2、rstandardsmethodsofprocessingmeasurementmilieu environment 4 Population Sample PopulationtheentiresetofmeasurementsofinterestSampleasubsetofdatafromthepopulationParametersnumericalmeasuresofapopulationStatisticsnumericalmeasuresofasample 5 ParametervsStatistic ParameterStatisticMeanVarianceStandardDeviation 6 Typeofdata Gappiness Whethertherearegapsbetweensuccessivelyobservedvaluesofavariable DiscreteVariablegapsexistbetweenobservationsobtainedbycountingContinuousVariablenogapsexistbetweenobserv
3、ationsobtainedbymeasuring 7 Statistics Objectives Statisticsisthebranchofsciencethatdealswiththecollection presentation analysis interpretationofdataforthepurposeofdecision makingandproblem solving ObjectivesofStatistics datareduction DescriptiveStatisticsinferentialmeasurement InferentialStatisticsidentificationofrelationships Regression ANOVA 8 Statistics Overview 9 Descriptive InferentialStatistics DescriptiveStatisticscomprisesthosemethodsconcernedwithcollectinganddescribingasetofdatasoastoy
4、ieldmeaninginformationInferentialStatisticscomprisesthosemethodsconcernedwiththeanalysisofasubsetofdataleadingtopredictionsorinferencesabouttheentiresetofdata 10 DescriptiveStatistics Overview 11 NumericalMeasures Describesthecharacteristicsofthedataset Keynumericalmeasures measuresoflocation centraltendency measuresofdispersion variation measuresofshape distribution 12 MeasureofLocation Mean willnotbediscussed Median willnotbediscussed Mode willnotbediscussed Quartiles 13 Quartiles Whenanordere
5、dsetofdataisdividedintofourequalparts thedivisionpointsarecalledquartiles ThefirstorlowerquartileQ1isavaluethathasapproximately25 oftheobservationsbelowinvalue ThesecondquartileQ2isavaluethathasapproximately50 oftheobservationsbelowinvalue Itisalsocalledthemedian ThethirdorupperquartileQ3isavaluethathasapproximately75 oftheobservationsbelowinvalue 14 Quartiles Twentyorderedobservationsonthetimestofailure inhours ofelectricalinsulationmaterialareshownbelow 2042282523003244446247208169121176129613
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