Digital Modulation-FSK,PSK,QFSK
40页1、1Principles of Digital ModulationDr Mike Fitton,mike.fittontoshiba-Telecommunications Research LabToshiba Research Europe Limited2Principles of Digital Modulation: Outline of Lecturesl Introduction to digital modulationl Relevant Modulation Schemes (QPSK, GMSK, M-Ary Schemes)l Coherent and Differential Receptionl The impact of the mobile channel on digital modulation noise and interference random FM (narrowband fading) intersymbol interference (wideband fading)3Digital Modulation Basics4Digital
2、Modulation Basicsl The bit rate defines the rate at which information is passed. l The baud (or signalling) rate defines the number of symbols per second. Each symbol represents n bits, and has M signal states, where M = 2n. This is called M-ary signalling.l The maximum rate of information transfer through a baseband channel is given by: Capacity fb = 2 W log2M bits per second where W = bandwidth of modulating baseband signal5Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)l Pulse shaping can be employed to remove
3、spectral spreading.l ASK demonstrates poor performance, as it is heavily affected by noise and interference.BasebandDataASK modulatedsignalA cos ct A cos ct0 06Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)l Bandwidth occupancy of FSK is dependant on the spacing of the two symbols. A frequency spacing of 0.5 times the symbol period is typically used.l FSK can be expanded to a M-ary scheme, employing multiple frequencies as different states.BasebandDataFSK modulatedsignalf1 f1f0 f0where f0 = A cos(c-)t and f1 = A
4、cos(c+)t 7Phase Shift Keying (PSK)l Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) demonstrates better performance than ASK and FSK.l PSK can be expanded to a M-ary scheme, employing multiple phases and amplitudes as different states.l Filtering can be employed to avoid spectral spreading.BasebandDataBinary PSK modulatedsignals1 s1s0 s0where s0 = -A cos ct and s1 = A cos ct 8Nyquist & Root-Raised Cosine Filtersl The Nyquist bandwidth is the minimum bandwidth than can be used to represent a signal.l It is impo
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