Satellite Signal Acquisition, Tracking, and Data Demodulation
89页1、CHAPTER 5Satellite Signal Acquisition, Tracking, andData DemodulationPhillip W. WardNAVWARD GPS ConsultingJohn W. Betz and Christopher J. HegartyThe MITRE Corporation5.1 OverviewIn practice, a GPS receiver must first replicate the PRN code that is transmitted bythe SV being acquired by the receiver; then it must shift the phase of the replica codeuntil it correlates with the SV PRN code. When cross-correlating the transmittedPRN code with a replica code, the same correlation properties occur tha
2、t occurs forthe mathematical autocorrelation process for a given PRN code. As will be seen inthis chapter, the mechanics of the receiver correlation process are very differentfrom the autocorrelation process because only selected points of the correlationenvelope are found and examined by the receiver. When the phase of the GPSreceiver replica code matches the phase of the incoming SV code, there is maximumcorrelation. When the phase of the replica code is offset by more than 1 chip oneither sid
3、e of the incoming SV code, there is minimum correlation. This is indeed themanner in which a GPS receiver detects the SV signal when acquiring or tracking theSV signal in the code phase dimension. It is important to understand that the GPSreceiver must also detect the SV in the carrier phase dimension by replicating thecarrier frequency plus Doppler (and usually eventually obtains carrier phase lockwith the SV signal by this means). Thus, the GPS signal acquisition and trackingprocess is a two-d
4、imensional (code and carrier) signal replication process.In the code or range dimension, the GPS receiver accomplishes the cross-corre-lation process by first searching for the phase of the desired SV and then tracking theSV code state. This is done by adjusting the nominal spreading code chip rate of itsreplica code generator to compensate for the Doppler-induced effect on the SV PRNcode due to LOS relative dynamics between the antenna phase centers of thereceiver and the SV. There is also an a
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