2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷43（附答案带详解）

1、2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of _ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.问题1选项A.elitismB.eloquenceC.eminenceD.etiquette【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项elitism“精英主义；杰出人物统治论”；B选项eloquence“口才；雄辩；雄辩术；修辞”；C选项eminence“显赫；卓越；高处”；D选项etiquette“礼节，礼仪；规矩”。句意：在它无数的规则之下，礼仪的根本目的是让世界变得更宜居，让你成为一个更宜居的人。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an

2、 epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I cant think of a single study that hasnt found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person

3、 used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hour

4、s or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”Perhaps the most merciless rubber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. “In our society, youre considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours sleep. If youve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subject

5、s through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”1. People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had _.2. According to Dr. David, Americans _.3. Many Americans believe th

6、at _.4. The word “subjects” in the last paragraph refers to _.5. It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to _.问题1选项A.no drive and ambitionB.no electric lightingC.the best sleep habitsD.something to do in the evening问题2选项A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB.often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC.do not know how to relax themselves properlyD.can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep问题3选项A.sleep is the first thing that can be sacr

7、ificed when one is busyB.they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC.to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD.enough sleep promotes peoples drive and ambition问题4选项A.the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficitB.special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC.people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD.the psychological consequences of sleep deficit问题5选项A.improve ones memory dramaticallyB.be considered dynamic by other peopleC.m

8、aintain ones daily scheduleD.feel energetic and perform adequately【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.（我们睡眠不足危机的开始可以追溯到一个世纪前灯泡的发明。）”以及后文的“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.（当天很黑，我们晚上在农场无所事事的时候，最好的睡眠习惯曾经强加在我们身上。）”，由此可知那时因为晚上因为没有照明所以农场里没有事情可做，人们不得不养成了睡9.5个小时的睡眠习惯，所以B选项“无电气照明”符合题意。A选项“没有动力和野

9、心”文中没有提到，C选项“最佳睡眠习惯”不符合题意；D选项“晚上有事要做”说法错误，文中说到了他们晚上无事可做。因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“People cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it. They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous.（人们在睡眠中作弊，他们甚至没有意识到这件事他们认为自己没事，因为他们觉得睡6.5个小时就够了，但实际上他们需要7.5、8个小时甚至更多时间的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”，由此可知美国人经常睡眠不足，但他们不以为然，甚至忽视睡眠不足的后果，因此B选项“常常忽视睡眠不足的后果”符合题意。A选项“即使在生活的压力下也精力充沛”和C选项“不知道如何适当地放松自己”文章没有提到；D选项“只需6.5小时的睡眠”说法有误，文章提到他们自认为6.5个小时的睡眠足够，事实上是完全不够的。因此B选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program.（每当来自工作、家庭、朋友和社区的压力增加时，许多人认为睡眠是他的计划中最便宜的项目）”，由此可知美国

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