动词不定式被动语态讲解
9页1、v1.0可编辑可修改Book7 unit2动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构 :be+ done(以 the book , publish 为例)一般现在/过去时:The book is/ was published .一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published .The book is/was going to be published .现在/过去进行时:The bookis/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The bookhas/had been published.情态动词:The book can/could/may/might be published二、不定式的被动式的基础知识:语态 时态主动语态被动语公一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto havebeendone进行式to be doing没有被动语态完成进行式to havebeendoing没有被动语态1 )一般式:(not/never) to be done2 )完成式:(not/ n
2、ever) to have beendone (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)、通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态#V1.0可编辑可修改到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了 .四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能:1 .作主语:It is an honour for me2 .作宾语:She asked to be sent3 .构成复合宾语:He wanted the letter
3、She didn t like herself4 .构成复合谓语:The books are not allowedto be asked to speak here.to work in Xinjiang.to be typed at once.to be praised like that.to be taken out of the room5 .作定语:Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office6 .作状语:She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done (表示该动作是发生在主旬之前的一个被动动作),在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:#v1.0可编辑可修改It is a good thing for himto have been criticized.(主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.
4、( 宾语)He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party.(复合宾语)(复合谓语)The book is said to have been translated into many languages.She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.(定语)(多用主动形式)六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1. There be结构中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,区别不大。to do / to be done例如: There is a lot of workThere is no timeto lose /to be lost译:没有什么可担心的。There is nothing to worry about.注意以下两点:(1)如果不定式结构加了 for sb .表示的逻辑主语时There are stillmany questions for us to discuss. (us 与 discuss 主谓关系,用主动 to discuss)
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