
(完整版)16种英语时态总结归纳.docx
9页16 种英语时态总结归纳时态( Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式;因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式;英语时态分为 16 种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时;一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行 时现在将来一般现在将来时现在将来进行时现在将来完成时现在将来完成进行时过去将来一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成 时过去将来完成进行时时态和语态助动词①将来: will(would)/shall(should)+do②完成: have(has, had)+done③进行: be (is, am, are, was, were, been, being)+doing④被动: be (is, am, are, was, were, been, being)+done现在完成进行时:他在这儿住了 5 年了;(②③) He has been living here for 5 years.现在完成时:他在这儿住了 5 年了;(②) He has lived here for 5 years.现在完成时:我的作业已经完成; (②④) My homework has been finished.现在进行时:他的作业正在做; (③④) His homework is being done.一般现在时:他的作业常常在放学后就完成了; His homework is often finished after school.一般现在时:他常常在放学后就完成他的作业; He often finishes his homework after school.1. 一般现在时:主要表示常常发生的动作或存在的状态1) 用法:①表示现在、常常、习惯性发生的动作、情形、状态和特点或反复存在的状态;②说明现在的情形;③表示常常性、习惯性动作;例: He always helps others. (他总是帮忙别人; )④表示客观事实、普遍真理、科学事实、格言等不受时间限制的客观存在;⑤表示一个按规定、方案或支配要发生的动作, (仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开头、终止、连续”等的动词 )可以与表示将来时间的状语搭配使用 ;常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式;例: The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon .(下一趟火车今日下午 3 点开车;)How often does this shuttle bus run. (这班车多久一趟?)⑥在时间和条件状语从句里常常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情;例: When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours. (等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近 3 个小时了;)⑦表示知觉、态度、情感等I want your help. 我需要你的帮忙;2)时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month ⋯ ), once a week (day, year, month ⋯ ), on Sundays (on Mondays ⋯)2. 现在进行时 (be doing sth/be being done)1) 用法:①表示现 阶段 或说话时正在进行的动作及行为;How are you feeling today. 你今日感觉如何?He is doing well in his lessons. 在课上他表现得很好;They are playing football now.②与 always ,forever ,continually ,constantly , perpetually (永久地,不断地 )等副词连用时表示重复的动作 (常常的习惯 ),但含有 兴奋、中意、埋怨、厌恶 等感情颜色;11e.g. She is perpetually interfering in my affairs. 她老是干预我的事; (不满) The students are making progress constantly. 同学们在不断进步; (中意) He is always helping us.他总是帮我们; (感谢)You are always asking us to do such things.你老是叫我们做这类事情; (厌恶)③并不是全部动词都有进行时,一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态,而应用一般现在时;这些动词往往是等表示 情感状态、知觉熟悉、愿望或短暂性 的动词;例如: see(明白), know (知道;明白) , want(需要;想要) , like (喜爱),hear,have(有),think (想; 认为), hope(期望), hate (恨,厌恶)等;④表将来时态(见一般现在将来时) I’m going to visit London next week. He is coming here.He is leaving for Paris next month.2) 时间状语:① (just) now, at this time, for the time being, today, this week (year, month ⋯ )② Look , Listen ,Cant you see. 等示意词③上下文的示意,句子的谓语动词可能应用现在进行时;◇— Where is Mr Wang. 王先生在哪儿?◇— Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office. 噢,他正在办公室看报;(问句询问王先生在哪儿,应说明他现在在哪儿,故答句应说明他现在正在做的事,用现在进行时; )◇— Is that boy Jack. 那个男孩是杰克吗?◇— No, Jack is doing his homework in the classroom. 不是,杰克正在教室做作业呢;(答句中说明的杰克做作业的情形应发生在现在,应用现在进行时; )3. 现在完成时 (have done sth/have been done) 1)用法:①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,此时用非连续性动词(瞬时动词) ;例: I bought a new house, but I my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.a. didnt sell b. sold c. havent sold d. would sell答案是 C) havent sold ;John has broken his left leg. (约翰摔断了左腿; )②表示从过去某时刻开头,连续到现在的动作或情形,并且有可能会连续连续下去;此时常常用连续性动词;例: Great as Newton was, many of his ideas today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.a. are to challenge b. have been challenged c. may be challenged d. are challenging全句的意思是: “虽然牛顿是个宏大的人物,但他的很多见解直到今日仍在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正;” challenge 是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作连续到今日,所以要用现在完成时态;可见答案是 b. have been challenged;2) 句型① have been to sp.(表去过某处 )与 have gone to sp.(表去了某处,仍未回来 )a. ---Where is Jack.---He has gone to London.b. ---Where have you been.---I have been to Shanghai.② This (It) is the first/ second/ third ⋯⋯ time that ⋯⋯这时第 ⋯次⋯ .e.g. This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. ( 这是我公司产品其次次参与国际展览会; )③ It is/ has been+段时间 +since ⋯e.g. It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him. (从我上次见到他以来已经 10 年了;)【留意】 It is 3 days since he was at Jingguan.→ He left Jingguan 3 days ago. 他离开静观 3 天了;It is 3 days since he came to Jingguan. →He has been at Jingguan for 3 days. 他来静观 3 天了;3) 时间状语 : yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by, since+ 过去的时间点, ever since, recently, lately, in(during/over)the past/last+ 一段时间 , for + 段时间, before, etc.留意事项①现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带;现在完成时和过去时的区分在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个详细时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系;例: He worked in that hospital for 8 years. (他曾经在那家医院工作了 8 年;这只是叙述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了; )He has worked in that hospital for 8 years. (他已经在那家医院里工作了 8 年;表示他从过去开头工作,始终工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作; )②由于含有 for 加一段时间或 since 加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时, 有动态和连续性的特点, 所以不能使用终端动词或瞬时动词;e.g. My sister has got married for 5 years.( 错)→ My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以连续) My sister has married. Dont disturb her. (终端动词)注:动词是瞬时动词时,如要使用段时间状语,就必需将瞬时动词改为连续性动词,方法有三:a. 改用 beHe has joined the army for 3 years.( 错)→ He has been in the army for 3 year。
