医学免疫学教学课件：Immunoregulation.ppt

标题标题落款落款Immunoregulation1.IntroductionIntroduction2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelImmunoregulation on molecular level3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelImmunoregulation on cellular level4.Immunoregulation on systemic levelImmunoregulation on systemic levelContents1.IntroductionIntroduction2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelImmunoregulation on molecular level3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelImmunoregulation on cellular level4.Immunoregulation on systemic levelImmunoregulation on systemic levelContents1.IntroductionImmune functions:Ø Immune defenseØ Immune homeostasisimmunological tolerance and immunoregulationØ Immune surveillance1.Introductionimmunoregulation:—— positive and negative directionThe ability of the immune system to control and regulate its own responses is called immunoregulation.1.IntroductionImmunoregulation:To keep the individual homeostasis by regulating the balance between −immunocyte and immunocyte−immunocyte and immune molecule−immune system and nervous system/endocrine system1.IntroductionIntroduction2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelImmunoregulation on molecular level3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelImmunoregulation on cellular level4.Immunoregulation on systemic levelImmunoregulation on systemic levelContents2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelOrigination stage of immune response:Ø Nature of AgØ Route of AdministrationØ Dosage of AgAntigen2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelRegulation of Ag-Ab complex to immune response —— Antibody feedback regulationIgM —— positive feedback regulation IgG —— negative feedback regulationAntibody2.Immunoregulation on molecular level2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelAntibodyRegulation of idiotypic networksØ Idiotypic determinant or idiotype: a unique determinant on an antibody ,usually formed by one or more of the hypervariable regions.Ø Idiotypic determinant may be recognized as “foreign” in an individual, but they are usually present in quantities too low to induce self-tolerance.Ø Anti-idiotypic antibody: antibodies against idiotype of antibodies——internal image of Agidiotypic networks2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelAgAbAntigenic internal image enhance Ab1: treatment of AIDS and tumorsuppress Ab1: treatment of autoimmune diseases2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelProinflammatory Cytokineeliminate pathogensIL-1、、IL-6、、TNF-α2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelComplementØ Promote APC capture antigens CR1 receptor on APC capture C3b-Ag-Ab complexØ Promote the activation of B cellCR1, CR2 on B cellC1INH: inhibit classical pathwayCD55(DAF),CR1: inhibiting formation of C3/C5 convertaseCD59: inhibiting formation of MAC2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelsignal transductionØ protein tyrosine kinase, protein tyrosine phosphatasePTK   PTP  ØØimmunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs, ITAMsimmunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs, ITAMsØØimmunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, ITIMsimmunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, ITIMsØØReceptor Receptor  ITAM ITAM  PTK PTK  activation activationØØReceptor Receptor  ITIM ITIM  PTP PTP  suppression suppressionco-stimulator and receptorCD3、、CD28、、Ig-α、、Ig-β、、FcγRI、、……CTLA-4、、FcγRIIB、、KIR、、……24 hB7CD28AgTCRB7CTLA-4activationI T I MI TAMsuppressionT cellCD28 versus CD28 versus CTLA-4CTLA-42.Immunoregulation on molecular levelactivation receptor and inhibitory receptorimmunocyteimmunocyteactivation receptor activation receptor  inhibitory receptorinhibitory receptorB B   cellcellBCRFcRIIb, CD22, CD72T T   cellcellTCR, CD28CTLA-4, PD-1 NK cellNK cellNCR, CD16KIR, CD94/NKG2A, ILTMast cellMast cellFcεRIFcRIIb 2.Immunoregulation on molecular level1.IntroductionIntroduction2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelImmunoregulation on molecular level3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelImmunoregulation on cellular level4.Immunoregulation on systemic levelImmunoregulation on systemic levelContents3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelT cellTh1 cells promote the cellular immunity suppressing the humoral immunity. Th2 cells promote the humoral immunity suppressing the cellular immunity.3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelTreg3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelTreg3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelB cell—— Regulatory B cells (Bregs)Ø a newly described subset of B cells, have been proved to play a suppressive role in immune system. Ø Bregs can inhibit other immune cells through cytokines secretion and antigen presentation.Ø IL-10 and TGF-β3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelAPCØ DCØ Macrophage (M1, M2)3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelAICD—— activated T or B cell apoptosis elicited by Fas (CD95) Ø Apoptosis of target cell: FasL on T cells binds to Fas on target cells— induce the apoptosis of target cell.Ø Apoptosis of activated T cells: Fas is also expressed on activated T cell or B cell, so FasL on activated T cell binds to Fas on activated T cell or B cell, then induces activated T cells or B cell apoptosis.Activation-induced cell deathAICDAICD3.Immunoregulation on cellular level1.IntroductionIntroduction2.Immunoregulation on molecular levelImmunoregulation on molecular level3.Immunoregulation on cellular levelImmunoregulation on cellular level4.Immunoregulation on systemic levelImmunoregulation on systemic levelContents4.Immunoregulation on systemic levelRegulation of nerve-endocrine-immune system networks:ØNervous and endocrine system regulate immune system.ØImmune system regulate nervous and endocrine system.Stay in a good mood~4.Immunoregulation on systemic levelReview questions1.Please explain the following terms: ITAM, ITIM2.Please describe idiotype and anti-idiotype networks in immunoregulation. 3.Please describe the mechanism and the function of AICDThank you!。