冀教版初一(上)期末复习要点讲解.pdf

期末复习要点讲解】一、词汇复习1.词型变化a.名词复数在词尾直接加-smapmaps,kite-kites,monthmonths teacher-teachers,以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词,在词尾加es.class-classes,boxboxes,tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes,matchmatches,dish-dishes但 photophotos,pianopianos 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，需将y 改为i,再加-esfamilyfamilies,factory-factories,storystories以f 或 fe结尾的词，需将f 或 fe变为v,再加-esknifeknives,不规则变化：child-children,leaf-leaves,footfeet,toothteeth,manmen,womanwomen,b.动词的第三人称单数形式动词的第三人称单数形式的词型变化与名词复数形式基本相同例如:playplays,gogoes,dodoes,dressdresses,watchwatches,brush-brushes,washwashes,flyflies,trytries,havehas,2.代词：a.要熟记各人称的代词的各种形式，见下表。

b.形容词性物主代词只能作定语，因此其后一定有名词；名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，其后不会有名词例如：Your book is on the desk,mine is in my bag.c.som e和 a n y,既可修饰可数名词，乂可以修饰不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句He has some story books,but he doesnt have any picture books.There is some milk in the glass.Are there any chairs in the classroom?3.介词我们主要复习一下介词in,on,at在表示时间时的用法上的区别：in 常用在年、月、季节之前，例如：in 1996,in summer,in June,或用来泛指在上午，在下午，在晚上in the morning,in the afternoon,in the eveningon用来表示某一天，或某天的上午/下午/晚上，例如：on Monday,on July 1st,on Sunday morning.on the night of October 1st.a t用来表示时刻，例如：at 6:30 at 7:004.名词所有格s”通常表示所属关系，与名词一起构成名词所有格，我们学了下列几种情况：a.单 数 名 词 后 加 s,例如:Marys father,my sisters room.b.两个或两个以上的名词，只 加 一 个 s ,例如：Jack and Jims room,Mr.and Mrs.Carters housec.复 数 名 词 后 只 加 例 如：the teachers office,students9 reading-room.d.如复数名词不是加构成的，则仍加s 例 a children s book,Women s Day5.短语：记忆短语是英语初学者一件重要而有趣的任务，而养成用短语造句的习惯更是一种好的学习方法，请你试一试，我们可以把本册课文中学过的短语分为四大类：名词短语、介词短语、(表语)形容词短语和动词短语，分别举例如下：名词短语：swimming pool,classroom building,Beijing opera,a pocket-recorder介词短语：at Beijing No.19 Middle School,on Friday,against the wall,(表语)形容词短语be good at,be interested in,be/get ready to do,be late for.动词短语have lessons,collect stamps,do shopping,help sb with sth,take care o f,drive sb to.二、重要语法复习一般现在时1.一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加-s,另外be和 have有特殊的人格形式，下面列表说明。

行为动词动词to be动词to have(有)I work.You work.He/She/It works.We work.You work.They work.I am(Im).You are(Youre).He/She/It is.We are(WeYe).You are(Youre).They are(TheyTe).I have.You have.He/She/It has.We have.You have.They have.2.当主语是第三人称单数时行为动词形式的几种变化3.一般现在时的否定式动词have(有)的否定式和疑问式有两种方式构成，英国人用have(has)后加not；把 have,has提到主语前来构成否定式和疑问式美国人用在动词前加dont,doesnt；d o 和 does放在句首构成否定式和疑问式如 果 have不是表示有的意思，则都用助动词do,does来构成否定式和疑问式另外英国人口语常以 have(has)got 代替 have(has)；其否定式常以 havent got 代替 have not,hasnt got代替 has not.4.一般现在时的疑问式及简略回答。

行为动词动词to be动词to haveDo I work?Yes,you do.No,you do not.(dont)Do you work?Yes,I do.No,I do not.(dont)Does he/she/it work?Yes,he/she/it does.No,he/she/it does not.(doesn*t)Do we work?Yes,we/you do.No,we/you do not.(dont)Do you work?Yes,we do.No,we do not.(dont)Do they work?Yes,they do.No,they do not.(dont)Am I.?Yes,you are.No,you are not.(youre not.或 you arent)Are you.?Yes,I am.No,I am not.(Im not)Is he/she/it.?Yes,he/she/it is.No,he/she/itis not.(he,s/she,sit s not)Are we.?Yes,we/you are.No,we/you arent,(we/you aren*t.we re/youYe not)Are you.?Yes,we are.No,we are not.(arent/were not)Are they.?Yes,they are not.(arenVtheyre not)Have I.?Yes,you have.No,you have not.(havent)Have you.?Yes,I have.No,I have not.(havent)Has he/she/it has.Yes,he/she/it has.No,he/she/it has not.(hasnt)Have we.?Yes,we/you haveNo,we/you have not.(havent)Have you.?Yes,they haveNo,they have not.Do I have.?Yes,you do.No,you do not.(dont)Do you have.?Yes,I do.No,I do not.(dont)Does he/she/it have.?yes,he/she/it does.No,he/she/it does not.(doesnt)Do we have.?Yes,we/you do.No,We/you do not.(don t)Do they have.?Yes,they do.No,they do not.(dont)5.一般现在时的基本用法。

1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用时间状语：every-,a t-,on Sunday,every day,once a week(每周一次)，often(经常，往 往)usually(通常),always(总是),seldom(很少)，sometimes(有时)I leave home for school at 7 every morning.He is thirteen.She is at work.I get up at six every day.一How do you usually come to school?I usually come to school by bike,but I walk sometimes.In the evening I often watch TV,but sometimes I read.I always get to school very early.2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。

Whats two and three?Its five.The moon moves round the earth.（月亮围着地球转Light travels faster than sound.（光比声速度快3）表示格言或警句中Pride goes before a f a l l.骄者必败Actions speak louder than words.（行动胜过言辞格言）注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.She likes apples.They speak English.John works very hard.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。

再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时5）一般现在时的其他用法A）在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作例如：If you jump a queue,the people will not be pleased.I will tell him as soon as he comes back.When they leave school,they will go back to their hometown.（他们毕业后将回到家乡去B）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作（只限于某些表示来、去、动、停、开始、终于、继续等的动词，如 go,come,leave,start等）例如：The train starts at ten o clock im the morning.（火车。