冠词语法精讲.ppt

整理课件语法知识语法知识冠冠 词词整理课件•冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词•1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法1）用在可数名词前表示）用在可数名词前表示“一个一个”eg. There is a book on the desk.(2) 表示表示“某一个某一个”A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs. (3)表示表示“一类一类”A horse is a useful animal.(4) a, an 与与one的区别：的区别：a和an强调类别，而one强调数量上的区别如：We need a doctor.我们需要一名医生，强调的意思是“医生”，而不是“教师” “律师”等其他职业整理课件•We need one doctor.则强调：我们只需要一位医则强调：我们只需要一位医生，而不是两位、三位生，而不是两位、三位•(5).表示表示“每每”，相当于，相当于per. We are allowed to drive at fifty miles an hour.•(6). 与表示与表示 数量的词连用数量的词连用 a bit; a great deal; a few ; a little; a lot of ; a good many; a number of整理课件•2.定冠词the的用法•（（1）表示文中再次提到的人和物。

表示文中再次提到的人和物•eg. There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.•(2)用在介词短语，分词短语，或定语从句的用在介词短语，分词短语，或定语从句的名词前•The man speaking at the meeting is our teacher.•the music of the film•The computer John bought yesterday is made in New York.整理课件•(3)表示特指的人或物（即说话时彼此都知道的事表示特指的人或物（即说话时彼此都知道的事物） •例如：老师要求学生例如：老师要求学生:Look at the blackboard./•Open the door, please.•表示师生都知道的哪个黑板和门表示师生都知道的哪个黑板和门•（（4）表示世界上独一无二的事物）表示世界上独一无二的事物•如：如：the sun, the earth, the moon, the capital, the sky, the universe但在但在 in nature（在自然界）（在自然界）, in space（在太空）等短语中，（在太空）等短语中，nature和和space(表示表示“太空太空”意思）前通常不用冠词。

意思）前通常不用冠词整理课件•(5)用在单数可数名词前表示类指•注意以下几种类指用法的区别：注意以下几种类指用法的区别：•A horse is a useful animal.•The horse is a useful animal.•Horses are useful animals.•不定冠词接单数可数名词意思是任何一个，而定不定冠词接单数可数名词意思是任何一个，而定冠词接单数可数名词则强调整个类别冠词接单数可数名词则强调整个类别•例如：虎面临着灭绝的危险，不能说A tiger is in danger of dying out.而应说The tiger is in danger of dying out（强调全部，整个类别）再比如Do you know who invented the telephone?而不能说Do you know who invented a telephone?整理课件•(6)乐器的名称前通常用定冠词•eg. the piano, the violin….•(7)年代、朝代的词前通常用定冠词•eg. In the 1990’s, in the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the Warring States Period•(8)用作名词的方位词前通常用定冠词，用作副词则不用。

•n. eg. in/on/to the south/north/east/west of ..•on the left/right•adv. eg. Vietnam lies on the south of China.• Vietnam lies south of China. Turn left.整理课件•(9)在表示阶级、阶层的词前通常用定冠词•eg. the ruling class, the working people•(10)形容词或分词前用定冠词可表示一类人或事物•eg. the rich, the poor, the young, the old, the living, the wounded, the beautiful, •(11)姓氏名词前用定冠词表示一家人或夫妇两人•eg. the Curies, the Greens, the Smiths•(12)表示地理名词的专有名词前通常用定冠词这样的名词有：江、河、海洋、山脉、岛屿、海湾、海峡等the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Alpes, the Philippines, the Persian gulf, the Pacific, the English Channel整理课件•(13)序数词、形容词最高级前通常用定冠词。

序数词、形容词最高级前通常用定冠词•the first, the best•注意注意：：*有时在比较级前也须用定冠词有时在比较级前也须用定冠词•eg. He is the taller of the two.•*有时形容词的最高级前也可用不定冠词表示有时形容词的最高级前也可用不定冠词表示“非常非常”的意思•eg. Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.•序数词前加序数词前加不定冠词表示不定冠词表示“再一再一” “又一又一”•eg : I could’t make a second try.•与与one, another 并列连用时，用并列连用时，用a third.•eg:One is deaf, another is blind,and a third is lame.整理课件 (14)在有些国家和民族的形容词前用定冠词表示在有些国家和民族的形容词前用定冠词表示这个国家人的总称这个国家人的总称•the English, the French, the Japanese, the Chinese•(15).用在人体部位名词前用在人体部位名词前 • He seized me by the arm.•(16). 与复数名词连用，指全体与复数名词连用，指全体。

•the masses the Chinese people•(17) 用在书报、杂志、经典的名词前：用在书报、杂志、经典的名词前：•I am reading the China Daily now. •The Times is a foreign newspaper.The Times is a foreign newspaper.整理课件•3.不用冠词的情况不用冠词的情况•（（1）在专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般）在专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般不用冠词不用冠词•专有名词一般指人名、地名等前一般不用冠词如：Lei Feng, Marx, Beijing, Shanghai, America等词前不用冠词但在含有普通名词的专有名词前通常用定冠词如：the United States of America, the People’s Republic of China等当专有名词表示某一特定意义时，前可用冠词 •eg. A Mr.Zhang came to see you just now.•He is the Mr. Zhang you are looking for.•He is a living Lei Feng.•The Shanghai of today is quite different from what it used to be.整理课件•物质名词如物质名词如air, water, oil, coal, tea等一般不加冠等一般不加冠词，词， 但有些物质名词可以个体化表示但有些物质名词可以个体化表示“一种一种”“一一阵阵”“一杯一杯”“一份一份”“一场一场”等，这时前面可用不定等，这时前面可用不定冠词。

冠词•eg. Longjing is a famous tea.• I’d like to have a coffee.•a heavy rain一场大雨一场大雨, a strong wind一阵大风一阵大风, a soup一份汤一份汤, a big fire一场大火一场大火.•抽象名词一般表示抽象的概念，为不可数如：抽象名词一般表示抽象的概念，为不可数如：news, information, advice, culture, weather, fun等但也有一些抽象名词可以个体化表示一种、等但也有一些抽象名词可以个体化表示一种、一场、一番等一场、一番等整理课件•eg. He wanted to give me a pleasant surprise.•It’s a pleasure to talk with him.•It’s an honour for you to have been sent abroad.•The book is a great help to me.•a success, a failure, a new culture, a struggle , 整理课件•(2) 学科、球类、棋类名词前一般不加冠词。

•eg. Maths is an important subject.•He likes playing football/chess.•(3)一日三餐名称前一般不用冠词•have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner•但若指具体的某顿饭，尤其是有形容词修饰是要用冠词•a nice dinner•(4)季节、月份、星期前一般不用冠词季节、月份、星期前一般不用冠词•in spring/summer/ autumn../Sunday/October..•但若强调某一年的某一季节或月份时应用冠词•in the spring of that year•I met him on a Monday last month.整理课件•(5)节日前一般不用冠词节日前一般不用冠词•如：如：at Christmas, on National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day等但在中国的那些传统节日等但在中国的那些传统节日的名称前通常用定冠词的名称前通常用定冠词•the Spring Festival, the Dragon’s Day, the Mid-Autumn Day•(6)在街道、广场、公园、大学等名词前一般不用在街道、广场、公园、大学等名词前一般不用冠词。

冠词•Nanjing Road, Wangfujing Street, Beihai Park, Qinghua University….•但有少数也加定冠词但有少数也加定冠词•the People’s Park, the Shanghai International Studies University整理课件•(7).在某些独立结构中，不用冠词在某些独立结构中，不用冠词•He entered the forest, gun in hand.•(8)表示人的职务、官阶的名词在句中做主语补足表示人的职务、官阶的名词在句中做主语补足语、宾语补足语、同位语或表语时前不用冠词语、宾语补足语、同位语或表语时前不用冠词指独一无二的职务前不用冠词指独一无二的职务前不用冠词•如，如，We made him chairman of the students’ union.•He was elected monitor of the class.•As judge, he is very strict in his work.整理课件•(9) 表示对应关系的两个词若表示一个概念时前表示对应关系的两个词若表示一个概念时前不用冠词。

不用冠词•Father and son, husband and wife, teacher and student, town and country, enemy and friend.•(10).泛指名词复数前不用冠词泛指名词复数前不用冠词They are workers.•(11).turn/go作作“变变”，后面的名词前不用冠词后面的名词前不用冠词•He was a teacher before he turned writer.整理课件(12).称呼语之前不加冠词称呼语之前不加冠词: waiter,bring my bill,please.(13) 家庭称谓家庭称谓 如父母兄弟之前不加冠词如父母兄弟之前不加冠词Father is out, but mother is at home.(14)在以在以 As 或或though引导的让步状语从句中引导的让步状语从句中,表表语名词位于句首时语名词位于句首时,不用冠词不用冠词. Child as he is , he knows a lot about it. Fool as I was, I didn’t believe every word he said.整理课件•（（4）冠词的惯用法。

冠词的惯用法•有些不可数名词在习惯使用中须加不定冠词有些不可数名词在习惯使用中须加不定冠词•They had a good time at the party.•常见的类型有：常见的类型有：•1）动词转化成名词动词转化成名词•take a break, have a rest, go for a walk/swim..•2）患）患…病病•have a fever, catch a bad cold, have a headache/toothache/stomachache…•3) 同源宾语同源宾语•live a..life, die a..death, dream a..dream•有些个体名词表示抽象意义时前不用冠词有些个体名词表示抽象意义时前不用冠词.•in prison, in hospital, go to church, in town, by hand, by radio, go to college, go to bed, at school, in pencil..整理课件•有无冠词的区别有无冠词的区别•1. in front of 在在……（外）的前面（外）的前面 • in the front of 在在……（内）的前面（内）的前面 •There’s a garden in front of the classroom. •There’s a blackboard in the front of the classroom. •2. in charge of 掌管；负责掌管；负责 • in the charge of 在在……负责之下负责之下 •An experienced worker is in charge of the project. •The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 整理课件•3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时在用饭；吃饭时 • at the table 在桌旁在桌旁 •He seldom talks at table. •They sat at the table, talking and laughing. •4. by day 白天；日间白天；日间 • by the day 按日计按日计 •He works in an office by day. •Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 整理课件•5. take place 发生；举行发生；举行 • take the place 代替；接替代替；接替 •When did this conversation take place? •Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England. •6. in words 用言语用言语 • in a word 总之总之 •Please express your thought in words. •In a word, I don’t trust you. . 整理课件•7. at times 有时；不时有时；不时 • at a time 一次一次 •I do feel a little nervous at times. •Pass me the bricks two at a time. •8. little 少；不多的少；不多的 • a little 一些；一点点一些；一点点 •Hurry up, there’s little time left. •Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 整理课件•9. out of question 没问题没问题• out of the question 不可能不可能•10. in possession of .. 拥有拥有….• in the possession of 被被…所拥有所拥有•11.go to church 去做祷告去做祷告• go to the church 去教堂去教堂•12. by sea 坐船坐船, 取海路取海路• by the sea 在海边在海边.整理课件整理课件。