初中英语新人教版八年级上册Unit 1—Unit 4语法知识（分单元编排）（2025秋）.doc

八年级英语上册语法知识Unit 1 Happy Holiday第一类 复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，作单三人称代词用someone 某人somebody 某人 (sb.)something 某物 (sth.)Someone wanted to help me .Maybe somebody took away my books .There is something red in the cup .Look ! Someone is crying there.［特殊］表达吃、喝，希望得到肯定回答时，可用于疑问句 I ' m thisty . Would you give me something to drink ?第二类 复合不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中anyone 某人anybody 某人anything 某物Is there anything important I can do for you ?There isn't anyone in the room .If anybody is here , I will go .［特殊］用于肯定句，表示“任何人，任何物"Anything is useful for Tony.Anyone else can walk with me .You should ask anybody young for help.第三类 复合不定代词一般用作单三主语，表示否定含义。

no one 没人none 没人nobody 没人nothing 什么也没有No one knows what our life will be like .None of them came here.Nobody really knows.There ' s nothing interesting in today ' s newspaper.Unit 2 Home Sweet Home一、情态动词can、could特点1.表示说话人的语气和态度2．意义不完整，后加动词原形一起作谓语3．没有人称和数的变化4．没有不定式、动名词和分词形式5．只有现在式和过去式2种形式二、含义和用法原形 → 过去式能，会 can → could不能，不会 can ' t → couldn ' t1.表请求Can you help me ?（直接请求，语气随意）Could you help me ?（礼貌、委婉请求）2.表许可Can I put flowers here ?（熟人语气）Could I put flowers here ?（礼貌，试探语气）肯定回答Sure ./No problem . / Of course./OK!/Great…否定回答（不礼貌语气)No , I can ' t./No,you can't.（礼貌语气）Sorry , but …/I'm very sorry.…三、句型(主语→ I / we /he / she / they / you/it/my friend/my parents……)肯定句式：主语＋ can / could ＋动词原形＋其它He can dance .I could swim last week.My parents can speak English.否定句式：主语＋ can ' t / couldn ' t ＋动词原形＋其它He can ' t dance .I couldn't play the piano when I was young.一般疑问句式：Can / Could ＋主语＋动词原形＋其它＋?Can you play with me? Sure!Could I go home? Sorry,you can't.特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋ can / could ＋主语＋动词原形＋其它+？What can you do?Where can you swim ?Unit 3 Same or Different?一、形容词和副词有原级、比较级二、原级1．常用 very 、so 、too 、quite 修饰He is very tall .She is too young to go to school.Tony runs so fast .The room is quite big .2.常用句型… as ＋原级＋ as ….… not + as / so ＋原级＋ as ….Tony is as old as Kate .Mary is not as young as Tom .三、比较级1.含义：更……2.课本中出现的比较级词汇more smarter fasterlarger cooler warmertaller better earlierlouder slimmer shortermore serious more colourful3.比较级构成单音节词1．词尾加﹣er smaller higher taller2．不发音的e结尾的词，加-r nicer finer wider3．重读闭音节，双写末尾字母，加﹣er bigger hotter thinner4."辅音家母＋y "结尾 y → i ，加﹣erearly→earlier happy→happierdry→drier lazy→ lazier shy→ shier多音节词／部分双音节词词前＋moremore beautiful more deliciousmore colourful more tired不规则比较级good / well → bettermany / much → morebad / ill/ badly →worsefar→ farther / further5.下列词无比较级right final wrong excellent last empty golden roundfirst favourite wooden impossible square四．用法1.a littlea bita fewmuch ＋比较级evenfarstillanystillany2.the ＋比较级＋ of +…3.the ＋比较级， the ＋比较级，表示"越…，越…."4.比较级＋ and ＋比较级，表示"越来越…"5.比较级+than+any other…/the other…/anyone elseUnit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals一、形容词和副词有最高级二、含义三者或三者以上 “最”……三、最高级构成单音节词1．一般词尾加﹣est smallest highest tallest2．不发音的e结尾的词，加-st nicest finest widest3．重读闭音节，双写末尾字母，加﹣est biggest hottest thinnest4."辅音家母＋y "结尾 y → i ，加﹣estearly→earliest happy→happiestdry→driest lazy→ ladiest shy→ shiest多音节词／部分双音节词词前＋mostmost beautiful most deliciousmost colourful most tired不规则最高级good / well → bestmany / much → mostbad / ill/ badly →worstfar→ farthest / furthestlittle→leastold→oldest/eldest用法1.形容词最高级前一般带the2.the+形容词最高级+名词He is the most careful boy in Class Two.3.下列情况形容词最高级前可不用 the已有指示代词That youngest gilr is my sister.已有物主代词Our best English teacher is Ms Liu .已有所有格It was Tom's busiest day .最高级连用，后面一个不带 thePlease give that biggest and freshest apple to me .4．比较等级之间可以转换原级与比较级转换This bike is not as old as that one .→ This bike is newer than that one .比较级与比较级转换This bag is bigger than that one.→That bag is smaller than this one.比较级与最高级转换He is taller than any other student in Calss Two.→ He is the tallest student in Class Two.最高级主要句型1.主＋谓＋ the ＋最高级＋ of / in +……This is the most interesting movie of all.2.主＋谓＋ one of the ＋最高级＋复数名词＋……Emma is one of the tallest girls in class.3.Which / Who ＋谓＋ the ＋最高级， A ，B or C?4.Which boy is the tallest, Tom, Zhang Peng or Tony?主+谓+the ＋序数词＋最高级＋单名＋ in +……He is the second youngest student in Group 3.副词最高级前一般省 the动词＋副词最高级play basketball bestdraw most quicklyHe runs fastest .Which student jumped highest?5。