备考2024年高考英语二轮复习满分精讲通关练03说明文（阅读理解）（原卷版）.docx

专题03 说明文通关练 说明文解题策略名校优选专项通关练【解题策略】 说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁该文体通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事物进行阐述，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学的认识，从而获得有关知识，增长知识和技能说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一文体特点与阅读策略从内容特点看：说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍从语言特点看：说明文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况说明文由于句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大从结构特点看：客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。

说明文通常采用以下结构形式：总分式: 总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构递进式: 事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同从命题形式看，常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、观点态度题等题型阅读策略1. 明确说明对象：阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么;阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象把握文章结构：说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法:描述法(包括举例子、下定义、列数据等)、因果法、问题与对策法2. 阅读做标记：在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用3. 审清题干：把握试题中有效的信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式4. 定位阅读：大部分的说明文答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。

回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合5. 关注句间衔接：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等表示列举的词:for example, for instance;表罗列的词:first，second, third， to begin with，to conclude;表转折的词: however, but, whereas;表示原因的词: because, since，as;表示结果的词:so，therefore, thus, consequently, as a result;表示对照的词:on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison;表示目的的词: so that， in order that等标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用名校优选专项通关练】1.（2024上·河北沧州·高三泊头一中联考）Think of your most prized possession. Now, imagine you decide you must sell this item. How much is it worth to you? How much would you charge for it? And would anyone else want to buy it at that price?Let’s consider the real-world example of a yard sale. Before your neighbors come to look at your things, you must first decide on the prices for them. For you, each item has a story, and some items may even evoke strong emotions.Let’s say you’re selling a pair of special edition sports shoes that you took care of and really enjoyed wearing on special occasions. With these sweet memories in mind, you put a price tag of $130 on the shoes. However, a customer offers $50 for them. You think, “How could they not see how special and valuable these are?”In financial transactions like this, sellers often believe their own items are worth more than what buyers are willing to pay. This occurs because buyers do not have the seller’s experiences with and emotional attachment to the items. Buyers want a good deal, and they’re not willing to pay what the seller is asking for.This negotiation process can even feel a little painful for the seller—over losing something and the buyer not valuing it as much. Economists suggest this dynamic occurs through the endowment effect (禀赋效应)—people’s tendency to value things they own more highly than they would if they did not own them. The endowment effect can take hold anytime we feel a sense of ownership over a product, and it can happen quickly.As the saying goes, “Emotions gel the best of us.” There is nothing wrong with being proud of owning things and treasuring your experiences with them. But when you consider selling a prized possession, think about whether you’re fully ready to part with il. The past is the past, though. Removing your emotional attachment to material possessions can help you make more accurate assessments of how much your items are truly worth.1．What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Advocate. B．Cause. C．Identify. D．Control.2．What makes you put a price tag of $130 on your shoes according to paragraph3?A．Your fondness for the shoes. B．Your ignorance of the market.C．The high quality of the shoes. D．The special function of the shoes.3．Which can best illustrate the result of endowment effect?A．One likes collecting old things.B．One tends to buy expensive goods.C．One offers a lower price when shopping.D．One charges a higher-than-usual price for something.4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph?A．To make a suggestion. B．To introduce a theory.C．To analyze a phenomenon. D．To provide some evidence.2.（2023·黑龙江·高三哈尔滨市第一中学校校考）Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money.There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural.Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large comp。