参考课件Unit2Adverbial.ppt

Unit 2,King Lear,,Grammar,语法复习,The Adverbial,状 语,,,What is the Adverbial?,作为句子的一种附属成分，状语主要用来修是动词或相当于动词的短语和词组、形容词及其短语、副词、也可以修饰整个句子Generally speaking, adverbials are modifiers. According to their meanings we often subdivide them into adverbials of manner, adverbials of degree and adverbials of time.,状 语 的 构 成,,副词,副词词组,介词词组,非限定性动词词组,从 句,状 语 的 分 类,,方 式 状 语－ adv. of manners 地 点 状 语－adv. of place 时 间 状 语－adv. of time 频 率 状 语－adv. of frequency 可 能 性 状 语－adv. of probability 持 续 性 状 语－adv. of duration 程 度 状 语－adv. of degree,常用副词和副词词组： Adverbial of manners: quietly, quickly, beautifully, truly, fully, fast, well, suddenly, in the right way, like a baby Adverbial of place: in the car, at the meeting, in the kitchen, near the door, on the table, out of the room,,Adverbial of time: today, next week, the day after tomorrow, last night, the other day, at the weekend, in summer Adverbial of frequency: always, ever, never, usually, seldom, occasionally, sometimes, often, rarely,,Adverbial of probability: perhaps, probably, possibly, definitely, certainly, absolutely Adverbial of duration:already, still,yet, no longer, any longer, no more, any more Adverbial of degree:nearly,totally, greatly, badly, strongly, completely, seriously,entirely, largely, mainly,partly,状语的位置与排列顺序,1. 时间状语、地点状语和方式状语一般出现在动词后面,如果动词带宾语,则出现在宾语后面。

如: He did not play well enough to win. I did learn to play a few tunes very badly.,She sat there quietly. They made the decision immediately. Nowadays, his plays are read and performed throughout the world.,2. 如果同时出现多个状语, 则一般按照方式状语、地点状语、时间状语的顺序排列 如: They were sitting quite happily on the floor. She spoke very well at the conference last night.,3. 如果是频率状语、可能性状语、持续性状语, 则一般放在动词前面 如: She often goes downtown. You have probably heard the news by now. They are still waiting for an answer from me.,4. 如果想强调状语, 可以放在句首。

如: Slowly, he opened his eyes. In September, I will go to college. 5. 状语从句有分类: 时间、条件、目的、让步、方式、原因状语从句等按用途分，可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随状况等１.表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow…,Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?,我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？,2.表地点：in China, at the airport…,I saw a student in the classroom.,我在教室里看见一个学生3.表原因: because, as, for, since…,他因为生病所以今天没有去上学Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.,４.表结果：to do, v-ing, 从句,那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.,5.表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose,为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力。

In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder.,5.表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.,6.表让步: in spite of, despite, although, though,他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我He helped me although he didn’t know me.,7.表程度: very, enough, to some extent…,那里的风景非常漂亮The scenery there is very beautiful.,8.表方式: like that, as, as if…,不要那样看我Don’t look at me like that!,9.表伴随状况：,老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.,状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。

一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点现分别列举如下:,状语从句,1． 时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner… than, hardly…when, scarcely… when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.,2． 地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard.,3． 原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, since 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, in as much as, in so much as My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.,4． 目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.,5． 结果状语从句 常用引导词：so that, so… that, such… that 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.,6． 条件状语从句 常用引导词：if, unless 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that We’ll。