思维导图梳理高中语法(6)：非谓语动词.docx

思维导图梳理高中语法（6）：非谓语动词 -By Robin lo1. 非谓语动词-Ved2. 非谓语动词-VingI.ving的3种形式 基本式：doing/being done 完成式：having done/ having been done 否定式：not +ving 基本式doing/being done：强调该非谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时发生 完成式having done/ having been done：强调该非谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前，两者有明显先后关系II.Ving 的句法功能： ving 在句中做主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语，状语 一．Ving 做主语1.Ving做主语，强调一般或抽象的重复多次的行动 Seeing is believing.2.It做形式主语It is no use/ no good/ no fun/ no pleasure/ useless/a waste of time+ doing sth 二． Ving 做宾语 1.注意动词短语搭配： imagine/mind/admit/avoid/escape/delay/practice/insist/risk...+doing/being done 2.注意某些to为介词： devote to/ adapt to/ adjust to/ the key to/ the approach to / get used to/ look forward to/ stick to/ object to/contribute to ...+ doing/ being done 3.注意介词（in）（from）的省略： have trouble/ difficulty/ hard times (in) doing sth spend ...(in) doing sth stop/prevent/ protect...(from)doing 4.注意it做形式宾语：find it no use/ no good/ no fun/ no pleasure/ useless/a waste of time+ doing sth 5. 注意need/ deserve/require+ doing (以主动表被动)=need/ deserve/require+ to be done三． Ving做表语 1.ving做表语，表示主语的内容或主语的性质，特征等。

His job is teaching English/ It is boring①ving 做表语，表示一种习惯性，反复，多次的动作to do 做表语表偶尔一次动作②由某些表示人的情感的动词变adj时有：ved/ ving amazed/ amazingVing:说明主语的特征，令...的 (修饰物） Ved：说明主语所处的状态， 感到...的(修饰人，人的声音，人的表情）四. ving 做定语 n/pron +ving1. ving 做定语，表用途或表性质特征： a reading room/ a developing country2. 形式： 前置定语（单个ving）, 后置定语（ving短语）， 分隔式后置定语（，ving） developing country/ people living there/ His brother, working as a teacher, lives there.3. 考点： 考虑v与前面n/pron 关系/ 考虑vi 注意 the bridge being built/ the bridge built/ the bridge to be built 三种后置定语的区别五. ving做宾补：prep/v+n+ving1. Ving 做宾补表示一个正在进行的主动性动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

2. 形式：prep/v+n+ving find/keep/leave+n+ving/ved/adj 感官动词+n+ving/ved/(to) dosee sb doing sth （正在进行）/ sb be seen doing see sb do sth （全过程）/ sb be seen to do sth have sb doing With+n+ving/ved/to do/ adj/ adv/介词短语3. 非谓语动词-to do1. 不定式的4种形式：一般式： (not) to do / (not) to be done (与谓语动词同时发生，或发生在谓语动词之后）完成式： (not) to have done/ (not) to have been done （发生在谓语动词之前）进行式： (not) to be doing （与谓语动词同时发生） He seems to know this. She hated to be laughed at. He seems to be eating something. I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold.2. 不定式的句法功能：不定式可在句中做：主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、和状语 (分析下列句中不定式做什么成分）To finish the work in times is very hard- It’s hard to finish the work in times. She wishes to be a musician./ I have no choice but to give up./ He found it hard to study Chinese.My desire/ hope/ purpose/ job is to teach English.With a lot work to do, he didn’t go out./ I saw him (to)cross the road.I have a lot of work to do . He is looking for a room to live in. Have you got a letter to be typed?To save money, he has tried every means. / He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.They were very sad to hear the news. The question is simple to answer.不定式做主语和表语时：表示一次，偶尔的动作； 做宾语时，注意短语搭配3. 不定式在句中做定语① 不定式可修饰名词、代词，位于其后做后置定语， 多表示将来的动作② the +序数词/adj最高级/only/ very+ n + to do sth / to +vi +prep③ the ability/ ambition/ attempt/ chance/ courage/ time/ decision/ effort/ failure/ promise/ right/way/ wish/ reason/ + to do sth④ 注意： 不定式与前面n 之间是动宾关系， 且与句子主语是主谓关系时，不定式做定语时以主动形式表被动含义。

如果与句子主语无主谓关系，不定式作定语时则用被动形式 I have a lot of work to do. Do you have clothes to be washed? The old lady has a letter to be written.4. 不定式在句中做状语① 不定式做目的状语 to do / in order to do 可位于句首或动词短语之后做目的状语， 表“为了”， 这时不定式的逻辑主语就是主句主语； so as to 做目的状语不能置于句首We work hard to be admitted to a key university. To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.② 不定式做结果状语 (only) to do / (only) to be done 做结果状语时，强调该结果是意料之外 so/such ...as to do sth 太...以至于做某事 too... to do sth 太...以至于不能做某事 ...enough to do sth 足够做某事③不定式做原因状语 sb +系动词+adj/ved(情绪类：sorry/surprised/ excited/ glad/ anxious/ delighted) + to do sth +系动词+ adj ( easy/ hard/ cheap/ comfortable/ important/ impossible) + to do (以主动形式表被动含义）非谓语动词综合练易错点整理Robin lo1. ving的复合结构 Tom’s/my+ ving 做主语 Tom’s /Tom/ My/ me + ving 做宾语 Mary’s /His being late made the manager angry. We appreciate your/ you coming.2. 独立主格：n/pron+ving/ved/to do/ adj/ adv/ 介短 （考虑非谓语动词与前面n关系）独立主格在句中只能做状语，与主句主语无任何逻辑关系His mother being ill, he didn’t go to school. Spring coming, the fields are full of life.All things considered, I think we ought to give the job to Mary.3. 注意be+ ved 考察形式： ①考察ving 做主语： Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time will do harm to the skin. Being admitted to university is the dream of many students. ②省去be, 以ved 形式做定语，宾补，或状语（注意某些be +ved 表状态，eg be seated...） Exposed to the sunlight, he felt so hot. Absorbed in painting, he didn’t notice evening approaching.4. 固定结构：It is no use/ no good/ no fun/ no pleasure/ useless/a waste of time+ doing sth find it no use/ no good。